World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, male		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
2015	2021	2015	2021	2015	2019	2015	2019	2015-21

Afghanistan	42.9	36.3	34.2	28.1	82.9	80.5	94.1	91.5	-3.4
Albania	46.0	51.3	18.8	24.3	56.6	51.4	56.3	51.0	1.2
Algeria	37.0	34.4	17.6	15.1	27.5	27.2	24.0	23.8	0.8
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	63.7	64.3	36.5	38.2	47.4	50.3	70.8	70.7	-5.3
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	54.7	55.1	30.9	28.4	22.5	24.0	18.0	21.0	-2.1
Armenia	54.1	56.4	33.0	26.8	60.0	55.4	67.0	63.9	3.0
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	61.1	62.5	58.4	60.9	11.0	8.9	6.5	6.7	0.2
Austria	57.1	57.2	50.3	49.0	9.7	8.2	9.0	7.8	0.3
Azerbaijan	60.3	64.1	32.6	40.3	47.9	48.1	63.6	60.9	-1.6
Bahamas, The	64.8	62.2	40.0	35.5	21.0	21.7	8.1	8.4	-1.9
Bahrain	70.0	70.4	40.9	38.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.3
Bangladesh	53.8	55.7	34.7	34.2	53.2	50.3	73.4	67.3	3.7
Barbados	57.7	55.4	30.2	31.1	21.1	25.2	10.2	13.1	-1.8
Belarus	60.9	62.3	42.5	38.1	5.0	4.9	1.9	2.3	1.0
Belgium	48.8	51.1	23.4	24.7	12.8	12.3	8.7	8.7	0.1
Belize	59.0	55.5	39.4	40.3	27.0	27.6	24.8	34.2	-0.8
Benin	65.6	60.0	35.4	30.7	72.8	72.7	84.3	83.8	3.9
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	61.6	65.8	26.6	21.8	64.7	62.2	85.1	83.4	-0.4
Bolivia	65.0	64.6	41.1	40.7	51.5	56.9	64.1	68.9	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	33.5	42.4	11.7	20.9	20.8	17.3	19.3	21.9	0.1
Botswana	50.1	49.3	24.0	21.1	27.9	28.2	29.4	29.2	1.4
Brazil	58.4	54.1	44.3	39.3	29.5	30.5	21.7	23.6	0.5
Brunei Darussalam	59.1	60.6	29.9	32.0	4.9	4.6	5.5	8.7	-1.4
Bulgaria	49.1	52.3	20.3	16.8	9.9	8.4	6.9	6.0	2.2
Burkina Faso	62.6	61.7	47.6	45.6	83.8	80.6	90.0	88.0	2.5
Burundi	78.1	77.9	51.7	55.0	77.8	77.2	93.8	91.4	-1.6
Cabo Verde	52.1	47.6	27.2	20.6	28.0	26.2	47.8	44.5	0.3
Cambodia	71.2	75.8	60.4	57.6	47.5	47.2	57.8	59.2	1.9
Cameroon	69.5	67.9	45.3	43.3	65.8	64.3	83.6	81.4	0.5
Canada	61.3	60.2	56.0	55.2	11.9	12.2	9.2	9.3	0.5
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	66.6	65.1	47.3	44.2	88.7	88.6	97.1	97.0	1.1
Chad	61.0	58.3	40.0	37.0	85.3	85.8	97.0	96.1	-3.8
Channel Islands	54.6	54.1	40.8	41.0	13.3	13.0	9.1	8.8	..
Chile	56.0	52.2	30.2	21.3	20.6	22.1	22.9	22.9	1.4
China	66.1	64.1	47.3	42.7	43.3	41.0	46.0	44.0	6.0
Hong Kong SAR, China	59.1	56.3	36.0	30.4	8.0	7.9	3.9	4.1	1.7
Macao SAR, China	69.3	66.7	41.5	40.1	4.4	4.5	2.3	2.0	-8.3
Colombia	61.3	55.4	42.5	36.4	47.3	46.4	47.2	46.3	1.6
Comoros	42.2	41.3	13.1	12.1	50.7	50.3	69.1	67.1	0.3
Congo, Dem. Rep.	63.1	62.1	32.9	31.6	72.7	76.6	90.4	88.9	1.0
Congo, Rep.	54.2	52.2	25.0	22.1	61.8	61.8	89.7	88.2	-5.5
Costa Rica	57.5	52.4	35.5	27.6	27.6	26.2	24.9	22.1	3.0
Cote d'Ivoire	63.1	62.4	43.7	41.3	65.7	63.9	85.4	81.8	2.6
Croatia	44.2	47.8	19.1	25.7	11.6	8.5	9.1	6.1	2.7
Cuba	54.7	53.1	38.5	37.1	21.6	22.7	17.3	18.1	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	53.0	59.0	25.6	34.8	14.4	13.7	10.6	9.3	2.2
Czechia	56.4	58.2	28.4	24.8	16.1	16.4	10.9	10.5	1.6
Denmark	57.5	59.4	51.3	53.9	6.5	6.1	3.7	3.7	1.1
Djibouti	24.0	22.6	4.1	2.7	47.8	46.0	65.4	63.3	3.3
Dominica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	57.3	58.3	36.8	37.8	47.8	45.5	29.9	27.4	2.8
Ecuador	63.3	62.8	39.0	41.7	35.1	41.6	51.8	58.4	-1.1
Egypt, Arab Rep.	40.8	39.8	21.2	19.7	20.0	17.5	46.1	29.9	2.7
El Salvador	56.3	56.5	38.3	39.0	30.2	28.3	44.2	43.6	1.2
Equatorial Guinea	51.2	48.6	24.2	21.8	67.3	71.6	85.1	86.5	-7.5
Eritrea	73.9	72.2	62.8	60.1	61.9	62.2	80.9	80.7	..
Estonia	58.1	59.3	36.3	33.6	7.1	7.6	3.6	4.0	3.3
Eswatini	39.4	38.2	13.3	11.4	26.8	27.6	40.2	40.4	1.8
Ethiopia	79.0	77.1	70.5	65.5	84.5	83.4	90.0	88.5	4.4
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	55.7	52.7	33.1	30.3	38.1	32.1	37.1	28.7	-1.7
Finland	53.4	55.2	40.5	43.9	12.5	11.5	7.3	7.7	0.5
France	50.3	51.5	26.0	30.5	8.6	9.1	6.0	6.5	0.0
French Polynesia	49.8	49.0	26.0	23.6	18.9	19.2	13.1	13.2	..
Gabon	38.7	36.4	11.1	10.4	27.2	27.6	37.8	37.4	-0.3
Gambia, The	55.9	57.7	37.2	37.1	67.7	67.0	82.8	81.7	0.5
Georgia	57.4	56.5	26.9	26.9	52.3	50.1	52.4	45.2	4.6
Germany	57.4	58.3	45.3	48.6	6.9	5.9	5.2	4.7	0.6
Ghana	64.5	65.8	37.2	38.6	62.7	62.4	79.6	78.0	1.9
Greece	38.6	43.0	13.0	13.5	30.2	26.5	25.2	21.8	-1.1
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	58.3	58.8	38.2	38.9	11.2	11.6	6.5	6.7	..
Guatemala	59.1	57.7	49.3	49.0	32.7	29.9	45.9	42.0	1.1
Guinea	52.7	49.2	28.6	24.3	78.7	74.4	89.7	87.5	4.9
Guinea-Bissau	54.3	53.7	34.3	33.0	61.3	60.9	79.7	79.2	1.5
Guyana	47.4	42.0	36.6	30.2	28.0	27.5	32.9	30.0	12.5
Haiti	56.9	55.4	23.4	21.3	66.3	67.6	83.0	82.3	-1.5
Honduras	60.1	57.3	48.5	46.4	36.3	35.7	51.9	52.6	1.1
Hungary	50.8	56.9	25.7	27.5	8.3	8.0	6.3	6.2	1.4
Iceland	74.1	68.9	73.3	65.7	12.6	11.3	7.5	7.3	1.3
India	48.6	47.9	25.1	22.5	75.0	71.6	79.0	72.7	3.2
Indonesia	63.6	63.3	38.3	38.6	41.9	42.7	56.6	57.1	2.4
Iran, Islamic Rep.	36.7	36.8	18.5	16.8	39.3	41.2	42.2	42.2	1.2
Iraq	38.4	33.2	23.6	17.1	27.8	27.1	31.3	25.4	0.7
Ireland	55.7	59.4	37.8	42.9	16.7	14.1	6.2	5.6	4.9
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	62.2	60.3	47.0	42.3	9.0	9.2	6.9	7.1	2.5
Italy	43.1	44.0	15.6	17.5	20.3	19.2	14.2	13.4	0.4
Jamaica	59.9	63.1	25.2	27.3	42.0	37.8	30.6	29.6	-1.8
Japan	57.5	60.4	40.6	46.6	9.1	8.6	8.5	7.5	-0.6
Jordan	32.7	31.0	20.2	13.4	9.9	10.3	3.0	3.7	-0.6
Kazakhstan	67.0	65.7	42.4	40.7	26.3	25.6	24.9	23.6	2.0
Kenya	72.2	69.5	42.0	36.6	54.3	52.0	72.2	69.2	1.9
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	72.1	71.0	61.5	59.3	74.7	75.7	89.4	88.1	..
Korea, Rep.	60.9	60.8	25.3	25.3	19.4	19.2	20.2	18.6	1.9
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	71.2	68.5	21.7	20.1	0.7	1.7	0.0	0.0	-1.2
Kyrgyz Republic	63.0	62.3	43.3	40.5	39.7	35.1	34.7	29.6	1.1
Lao PDR	58.6	56.3	48.5	44.1	76.1	72.9	87.5	85.6	3.3
Latvia	54.1	55.7	34.5	27.9	9.7	7.9	6.9	7.1	2.6
Lebanon	42.7	39.6	28.9	26.2	25.1	24.0	12.3	11.8	-2.2
Lesotho	54.5	52.2	33.5	30.4	34.9	35.7	31.7	30.1	-2.2
Liberia	75.0	73.3	56.3	52.7	65.8	66.1	90.1	89.5	-1.8
Libya	38.3	37.2	8.4	7.7	15.1	15.0	9.1	8.8	4.0
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	53.7	57.4	28.3	31.1	11.3	11.0	8.7	7.2	3.1
Luxembourg	56.0	58.7	29.1	29.4	6.0	5.2	6.4	5.8	-0.1
Madagascar	84.6	83.1	72.2	68.6	81.4	81.0	90.0	89.3	-0.5
Malawi	66.2	64.4	51.9	52.6	55.4	56.1	67.0	65.9	0.2
Malaysia	62.7	63.0	36.8	37.8	20.0	19.7	25.3	24.8	0.9
Maldives	53.8	58.6	40.5	41.2	13.1	14.5	33.9	31.9	-1.2
Mali	69.6	64.4	58.7	48.5	75.7	77.5	89.6	90.6	1.5
Malta	52.4	60.6	45.7	43.0	13.2	13.8	6.2	6.8	0.1
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	37.8	35.8	18.1	14.9	53.8	60.3	73.6	76.0	0.4
Mauritius	55.2	48.2	31.1	22.5	18.5	19.1	14.4	12.6	2.0
Mexico	58.0	57.5	40.9	40.8	25.9	25.1	30.5	30.1	-1.0
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	69.0	71.9	45.6	38.3	61.6	58.8	59.5	59.6	4.5
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	56.9	54.1	25.6	23.4	51.1	41.3	47.4	39.3	2.4
Montenegro	44.3	45.5	18.8	19.2	20.4	20.1	12.7	12.4	1.6
Morocco	43.0	40.2	24.0	19.8	45.7	43.5	62.8	54.7	1.7
Mozambique	76.3	74.8	58.0	55.3	74.2	73.2	93.2	92.3	-0.7
Myanmar	64.2	52.8	58.9	39.2	61.9	62.0	67.4	64.7	2.4
Namibia	48.1	45.9	20.4	16.6	20.5	24.6	35.5	38.2	-1.9
Nepal	35.4	35.0	23.4	22.6	72.0	68.7	93.0	92.3	2.0
Netherlands	60.0	62.2	60.8	63.0	14.5	14.3	11.3	11.0	0.5
New Caledonia	54.2	49.7	26.1	21.9	15.8	16.2	9.6	9.9	..
New Zealand	65.1	68.1	52.9	58.1	16.7	20.8	11.3	14.3	0.1
Nicaragua	62.1	60.4	47.0	45.0	35.2	33.0	47.3	45.3	0.3
Niger	73.1	72.0	61.6	60.4	91.3	90.9	97.5	97.2	1.1
Nigeria	57.1	55.5	23.0	22.1	79.8	83.3	86.3	85.5	-1.5
North Macedonia	40.7	45.6	17.3	17.9	23.8	18.7	18.4	13.9	0.3
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	62.1	63.2	50.4	53.3	6.7	6.1	3.8	3.4	0.2
Oman	67.0	65.2	33.2	33.1	2.8	2.9	5.1	5.1	1.0
Pakistan	50.2	49.4	37.6	38.9	54.8	52.6	74.8	77.7	2.4
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	60.9	55.8	38.1	35.3	31.9	37.3	28.8	34.7	1.6
Papua New Guinea	46.5	45.2	33.8	32.2	70.0	68.9	85.2	83.6	-0.8
Paraguay	64.8	66.7	48.2	49.8	36.8	35.1	41.8	39.5	0.3
Peru	73.4	68.3	56.5	52.3	42.0	43.6	55.2	55.6	1.4
Philippines	59.5	54.6	36.9	28.5	35.5	30.5	41.5	37.4	2.8
Poland	52.5	56.0	26.0	27.3	19.1	18.4	15.0	13.0	2.9
Portugal	51.3	54.0	22.8	22.8	16.0	14.2	11.1	9.7	0.3
Puerto Rico	35.2	37.4	17.4	19.3	16.1	16.0	8.6	8.8	-2.3
Qatar	87.2	87.5	70.8	57.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	-1.2
Romania	50.8	48.2	24.5	21.2	28.5	24.0	27.1	21.9	5.2
Russian Federation	59.2	59.2	31.7	26.5	6.4	5.8	5.4	4.7	1.8
Rwanda	53.4	49.0	36.7	29.7	55.4	51.8	82.9	80.9	4.0
Samoa	49.5	47.9	36.7	33.9	30.4	31.0	31.1	29.1	-0.4
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	47.0	45.4	28.5	25.6	50.2	48.6	71.0	67.7	1.5
Saudi Arabia	53.5	57.5	12.3	20.0	2.0	3.1	1.1	4.3	-1.7
Senegal	42.4	49.1	25.8	28.6	60.8	55.6	73.4	77.0	-0.3
Serbia	42.5	52.1	16.6	25.1	29.5	26.9	22.4	21.2	0.6
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	53.5	51.3	27.1	30.0	81.9	82.7	91.3	91.1	1.1
Singapore	68.5	67.9	36.8	34.2	10.2	11.2	5.5	6.2	3.2
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	52.8	56.4	23.3	20.7	14.9	15.3	8.4	8.2	1.0
Slovenia	52.2	55.7	29.6	29.5	15.7	13.0	12.4	8.1	1.8
Solomon Islands	83.6	82.5	70.2	68.3	59.3	53.8	78.0	76.2	-0.5
Somalia	28.0	27.0	11.1	10.2	41.6	39.4	62.4	60.6	0.6
South Africa	44.5	39.7	17.8	13.3	17.3	19.6	20.6	23.0	1.3
South Sudan	62.0	60.2	50.3	47.4	84.3	80.4	97.2	94.5	..
Spain	45.6	48.9	17.9	20.6	14.6	12.8	9.5	8.5	-1.0
Sri Lanka	51.2	48.4	27.0	22.9	39.1	38.8	44.0	41.0	2.0
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	55.2	55.1	32.5	32.2	27.4	28.3	19.8	18.8	-2.1
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	52.5	50.6	31.4	27.7	23.0	23.2	16.9	17.0	1.6
Sudan	40.5	39.1	19.2	16.6	54.6	55.3	70.6	66.8	-3.7
Suriname	51.5	49.3	32.0	25.0	19.8	20.3	17.4	18.3	-3.7
Sweden	59.8	60.1	43.9	40.7	8.6	8.1	4.5	4.2	1.0
Switzerland	64.9	63.9	61.6	59.6	10.1	9.5	10.5	9.6	1.2
Syrian Arab Republic	32.6	31.4	16.1	15.1	39.8	40.7	12.4	9.4	-3.9
Tajikistan	39.2	37.6	21.7	20.7	25.1	22.4	31.1	27.2	5.3
Tanzania	81.7	77.9	68.9	63.4	79.0	78.7	89.2	89.6	2.3
Thailand	68.8	66.1	40.7	37.0	47.1	46.8	50.7	48.8	1.5
Timor-Leste	64.1	64.3	34.9	36.2	59.9	55.5	80.1	79.7	6.3
Togo	57.0	55.1	24.7	21.6	65.2	62.2	82.4	80.8	2.0
Tonga	53.4	51.9	27.9	26.1	39.9	38.8	37.8	35.9	1.3
Trinidad and Tobago	58.5	51.9	41.1	31.8	20.5	25.7	11.7	12.7	-2.9
Tunisia	39.9	36.6	18.8	16.4	21.8	23.1	13.4	12.0	1.1
Turkiye	46.0	45.2	34.2	32.4	25.1	24.8	36.9	32.0	3.3
Turkmenistan	46.3	44.1	28.2	24.9	28.2	27.7	30.7	30.0	..
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	68.2	67.4	52.6	50.7	68.3	66.4	83.7	84.4	0.2
Ukraine	51.1	49.3	27.8	24.8	16.2	18.5	13.2	14.3	2.9
United Arab Emirates	79.1	78.8	51.3	41.4	0.3	0.9	0.2	3.9	0.7
United Kingdom	59.4	59.2	50.0	44.7	15.6	16.5	9.1	9.9	0.4
United States	58.8	57.9	44.2	45.6	5.6	5.3	2.9	2.8	1.6
Uruguay	60.1	57.1	39.0	30.6	24.5	26.7	21.4	23.0	0.7
Uzbekistan	54.0	52.8	32.9	30.7	43.0	40.5	24.6	22.5	4.0
Vanuatu	65.9	65.5	49.6	48.5	59.7	55.1	69.0	63.1	-0.6
Venezuela, RB	57.9	47.7	31.3	22.8	32.8	40.0	29.3	33.0	..
Viet Nam	75.8	71.2	55.2	42.6	52.0	47.5	63.9	58.0	5.4
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	51.5	46.0	24.7	22.7	8.0	8.3	4.8	4.8	3.2
West Bank and Gaza	33.9	31.9	19.4	16.9	23.8	22.5	30.7	20.0	-0.6
Yemen, Rep.	26.0	26.0	14.8	14.6	42.8	47.3	65.2	65.3	..
Zambia	54.0	57.0	31.1	34.7	67.6	65.3	87.1	82.7	-2.0
Zimbabwe	62.4	59.2	46.7	41.5	65.7	59.5	82.1	76.3	-1.2
World	57.4	56.2	36.6	34.0	44.8	43.7	45.5	44.2	1.8
East Asia & Pacific	65.2	63.4	45.3	40.9	40.9	39.1	45.6	43.6	4.0
Europe & Central Asia	53.2	54.0	33.0	32.3	16.2	15.6	12.7	11.9	1.2
Latin America & Caribbean	59.0	56.0	41.2	38.2	31.7	32.6	31.7	33.0	0.0
Middle East & North Africa	41.6	40.3	20.8	18.4	24.1	24.0	30.7	25.3	0.8
North America	59.0	58.2	45.3	46.5	6.3	6.0	3.6	3.5	1.5
South Asia	49.0	48.4	27.8	25.9	70.4	67.1	77.7	72.4	3.0
Sub-Saharan Africa	63.0	61.6	41.2	39.2	69.7	70.3	82.2	81.3	-0.5
Low income	62.5	60.6	46.3	43.2	73.8	73.7	88.2	86.9	0.2
Lower middle income	52.6	51.4	30.9	28.3	64.6	62.1	72.9	69.2	2.5
Upper middle income	61.4	59.4	41.0	37.7	38.9	37.7	42.5	41.4	3.6
High income	56.5	57.2	37.3	38.0	10.1	9.7	7.7	7.3	1.0

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