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World Development Indicators:
Labor force structure
Labor force participation rate
Labor force (ages 15 and older)
Labor force growth (%)
% ages 15 and older
% ages 15 and older
millions
% of labor force
2015
2021
2015
2015-21
2015
2021
2015
2021
2015-21
75.3
67.3
19.1
-4.4
8.6
9.2
20.3
17.9
1.1
64.3
66.2
47.1
1.6
1.3
1.4
43.4
45.0
0.9
68.4
64.8
15.3
-1.6
12.1
12.3
17.5
17.0
0.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
78.6
78.1
73.9
0.2
11.7
14.5
49.7
50.1
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.5
70.8
47.5
0.9
19.3
21.0
40.9
42.4
1.4
69.4
69.1
55.9
0.7
1.5
1.5
50.3
50.9
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.2
70.8
59.2
0.6
12.6
13.8
46.1
47.2
1.6
65.9
66.2
54.8
0.2
4.5
4.7
46.8
46.7
0.7
66.3
64.9
61.1
-0.4
4.7
4.8
51.1
50.1
0.5
79.0
76.3
66.4
-0.5
0.2
0.2
48.0
48.5
0.4
86.7
84.3
43.4
-0.7
0.8
0.8
21.5
21.3
1.3
80.7
81.4
33.5
3.9
61.9
72.8
30.6
35.8
2.7
69.6
67.5
61.7
-0.3
0.1
0.1
49.8
50.0
0.1
70.9
71.2
58.6
-0.2
5.1
4.9
49.7
49.3
-0.5
59.0
58.9
48.0
0.5
5.0
5.2
46.1
46.6
0.7
79.5
75.3
48.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
37.8
39.1
2.0
75.1
77.2
72.0
0.6
4.7
5.9
49.6
49.5
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
70.0
72.7
55.0
2.8
0.3
0.4
39.6
43.1
3.2
78.0
84.6
57.0
3.7
5.0
6.4
42.1
45.8
4.1
62.7
60.6
39.4
-0.4
1.5
1.4
41.6
41.8
-1.7
68.3
69.1
56.3
0.8
0.9
1.0
45.9
46.3
2.4
75.7
72.9
53.3
-0.3
100.6
104.1
42.4
43.0
0.6
73.0
71.8
57.4
-0.8
0.2
0.2
40.9
39.8
1.1
60.1
62.1
48.7
0.1
3.3
3.3
46.6
46.2
-0.5
71.5
56.3
55.6
-4.1
6.5
6.2
44.9
44.5
-0.8
78.2
77.8
80.8
-0.1
4.7
5.5
51.8
51.7
2.8
66.4
62.0
51.8
-1.0
0.2
0.2
43.6
43.5
-0.7
86.4
85.8
73.4
0.1
8.5
9.3
48.1
48.2
1.6
76.8
73.7
65.6
-2.3
9.2
10.1
46.5
44.2
1.6
70.9
69.9
61.0
-0.1
19.7
21.0
46.9
47.0
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
82.5
81.6
65.7
-0.1
1.7
1.9
46.7
47.6
1.5
72.8
70.7
50.5
-0.8
4.6
5.5
41.4
40.8
3.0
67.1
65.1
51.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
44.1
45.1
0.2
74.2
68.8
50.2
-1.2
9.0
9.2
40.9
40.9
0.4
75.9
72.9
62.6
-0.4
781.1
781.2
44.6
45.1
0.0
68.1
65.0
54.2
-0.2
3.9
3.9
49.3
50.8
-0.1
76.5
75.3
66.1
-0.4
0.4
0.4
49.8
50.6
0.4
79.3
77.5
55.3
-1.1
23.8
25.9
42.1
41.0
1.4
57.0
59.1
33.9
3.2
0.2
0.3
37.8
41.0
4.1
69.7
69.3
62.4
0.0
28.9
35.2
48.0
48.1
3.3
69.7
68.7
66.6
-0.2
2.0
2.3
49.1
49.3
2.3
76.0
73.7
50.1
0.1
2.3
2.5
40.6
41.5
1.0
74.3
74.4
59.2
-0.3
9.8
11.4
43.1
42.7
2.6
59.2
58.8
46.7
-0.4
1.9
1.7
46.5
46.1
-1.3
67.1
63.3
43.4
-1.2
5.2
4.8
40.0
39.9
-1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
69.2
73.4
59.1
0.1
0.7
0.7
45.8
44.6
1.9
68.0
67.7
51.2
0.1
5.3
5.2
44.1
44.3
-0.2
66.1
67.3
56.8
0.4
2.9
3.1
46.9
46.9
1.0
47.9
44.8
17.9
0.3
0.2
0.2
27.8
29.6
1.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
76.2
75.6
48.2
1.0
4.6
5.1
39.3
41.0
1.8
79.7
77.2
51.9
0.3
7.6
8.5
39.9
41.2
1.9
71.0
70.2
22.8
-6.3
30.9
31.9
24.2
18.1
0.5
74.6
75.5
45.1
0.0
2.6
2.7
41.4
41.2
0.9
67.2
64.1
53.5
-0.6
0.5
0.6
40.3
40.3
2.6
85.5
83.5
72.9
-0.2
1.4
1.6
47.7
47.7
1.6
69.0
69.4
55.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
48.7
48.8
0.5
56.1
51.4
46.9
-0.5
0.4
0.4
47.7
48.4
0.6
85.9
79.1
70.1
-3.3
46.3
50.0
45.3
42.5
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
76.7
76.1
40.0
-0.7
0.4
0.4
34.5
34.1
0.0
62.3
63.7
55.4
0.2
2.7
2.8
48.2
47.6
0.6
60.7
59.8
51.0
0.2
30.3
31.2
47.8
48.4
0.5
62.9
60.0
48.9
-0.5
0.1
0.1
43.7
43.8
0.2
58.9
57.0
41.3
-0.6
0.7
0.7
39.8
39.9
1.9
51.6
50.6
44.8
0.1
0.6
0.7
47.3
47.9
2.9
80.4
70.1
59.1
-1.8
2.1
1.8
46.9
47.7
-2.5
66.3
66.0
54.4
0.2
42.7
43.3
46.2
46.4
0.2
73.5
65.9
65.1
-0.7
12.2
13.2
47.4
49.0
1.3
59.0
58.0
44.0
-0.3
4.7
4.6
44.9
44.7
-0.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
68.5
67.0
56.3
-0.3
0.1
0.1
44.2
44.7
-0.4
83.6
78.9
38.4
-0.3
6.2
6.8
32.3
33.2
1.7
64.9
63.9
47.2
-1.9
3.7
4.2
44.2
41.2
2.0
70.8
69.1
56.2
0.0
0.7
0.8
46.0
46.4
2.8
69.6
62.4
41.5
-0.6
0.3
0.3
38.9
41.1
0.1
70.1
69.2
61.8
0.0
4.6
5.0
47.5
48.1
1.7
81.6
75.6
46.6
1.1
3.9
4.4
36.3
39.7
2.2
63.3
66.9
49.9
0.8
4.7
4.9
47.0
46.5
0.6
80.4
77.5
72.7
-0.8
0.2
0.2
47.5
46.0
1.6
78.0
76.0
26.6
0.7
500.8
550.4
24.4
25.7
1.6
82.5
79.7
50.8
0.4
127.3
135.7
38.3
39.6
1.1
68.6
68.2
14.4
-1.6
26.5
27.8
16.8
15.7
0.8
72.9
69.1
14.2
-4.4
9.6
10.6
16.7
13.9
1.6
69.0
69.5
54.8
0.9
2.3
2.6
45.2
46.4
1.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.2
67.1
60.1
-0.1
3.9
4.3
46.9
48.0
1.4
58.6
57.6
39.4
0.2
25.5
25.0
42.1
42.5
-0.3
72.7
73.2
58.5
0.0
1.4
1.5
45.4
45.2
1.0
70.2
71.3
49.4
1.3
65.9
68.7
42.8
44.4
0.7
59.3
61.4
13.6
0.4
2.3
2.9
17.1
17.3
3.5
78.0
77.1
68.0
-0.2
9.5
10.0
49.9
49.0
0.9
77.3
72.4
71.4
-2.2
20.3
22.0
48.5
47.0
1.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
86.7
85.4
77.5
-0.2
16.8
17.2
48.6
48.4
0.4
72.8
71.6
52.4
0.4
27.5
28.6
41.9
43.1
0.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
87.2
83.8
49.6
-0.9
2.2
2.4
27.2
25.0
2.0
76.1
78.1
54.7
-0.7
2.7
3.0
42.7
41.6
1.7
63.9
68.5
56.2
1.1
2.7
3.3
46.8
46.8
3.2
67.4
67.2
54.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
49.6
49.4
-1.0
68.6
65.9
26.1
0.9
2.3
1.9
28.2
31.7
-2.9
71.8
66.3
54.5
-2.0
0.8
0.8
45.5
44.4
-0.1
82.2
81.1
71.9
-0.1
2.1
2.4
47.5
47.6
2.3
64.1
63.8
34.1
-0.2
2.2
2.5
33.8
34.0
1.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
64.9
68.0
54.4
0.9
1.5
1.5
50.5
49.5
0.2
65.5
66.0
54.2
0.8
0.3
0.3
45.4
46.1
2.5
88.9
87.4
83.2
-0.1
12.7
15.1
48.5
48.8
2.9
74.4
71.0
65.2
-0.5
6.5
7.7
48.9
49.3
2.9
78.2
78.4
50.8
0.2
15.1
17.2
37.1
37.0
2.2
69.3
76.9
39.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
27.0
22.9
5.4
79.8
79.1
61.2
-1.0
6.8
8.1
43.0
41.7
2.9
68.3
71.5
43.0
3.6
0.2
0.3
38.7
40.8
4.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
59.0
56.7
26.7
-0.3
0.9
1.1
33.2
33.6
2.6
74.3
65.0
46.4
-2.1
0.6
0.6
38.3
38.4
-1.5
78.6
76.7
43.9
0.3
52.8
56.9
37.7
38.9
1.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.2
74.8
69.4
0.3
1.6
1.5
53.8
53.7
-1.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
66.2
68.4
53.4
-0.4
1.3
1.4
45.6
44.1
1.2
59.3
55.5
46.1
-1.8
0.3
0.2
46.3
45.4
-1.5
70.5
69.7
24.4
-2.7
11.8
12.3
25.6
22.8
0.6
80.1
78.9
78.1
-0.1
11.4
13.6
52.7
52.6
3.0
79.0
69.7
50.8
-3.6
24.3
22.1
39.7
37.7
-1.6
65.3
61.9
56.4
-0.4
0.9
1.0
48.5
48.8
1.9
55.3
53.4
27.0
0.2
7.5
8.2
35.7
36.5
1.6
72.3
71.2
60.8
0.3
9.4
9.8
46.5
47.1
0.8
67.7
62.3
57.8
-1.4
0.1
0.1
46.5
47.1
-0.8
74.2
75.3
62.9
0.7
2.5
2.9
47.1
47.3
2.4
83.0
82.6
48.4
0.2
2.7
3.0
38.3
38.7
1.9
84.8
84.1
61.8
-0.4
7.4
9.3
41.5
41.0
3.7
85.0
85.7
76.9
0.0
86.0
102.5
47.3
47.0
2.9
66.4
63.1
42.3
-0.6
0.8
0.8
40.3
41.1
-1.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
68.9
69.3
62.7
-0.3
2.8
2.9
47.5
46.8
0.8
87.4
84.9
29.7
-0.2
2.3
2.2
13.4
15.8
-0.8
78.9
80.1
24.0
0.3
69.2
78.8
22.6
22.7
2.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
80.0
76.9
51.5
-0.9
1.9
2.0
39.5
39.2
1.2
50.6
52.4
48.7
0.5
2.8
3.4
47.4
47.6
3.3
81.0
84.1
54.8
1.5
2.9
3.4
40.4
41.8
2.6
84.3
79.2
67.7
-0.7
16.8
17.9
45.0
45.6
1.1
74.4
69.0
48.7
-1.6
43.0
44.7
40.1
39.6
0.7
65.2
66.7
49.1
0.5
18.3
18.2
44.9
45.1
-0.1
64.0
61.8
53.7
-0.1
5.2
5.2
48.8
49.3
-0.1
49.2
48.3
31.9
-0.1
1.2
1.1
42.3
43.0
-0.6
95.5
94.7
56.0
1.3
1.8
1.8
13.4
17.1
0.6
60.8
63.0
42.7
0.0
8.6
8.4
43.3
42.4
-0.3
71.4
70.2
55.6
-0.1
75.5
73.8
48.4
48.6
-0.4
67.5
64.4
54.6
-0.6
4.2
4.8
47.3
47.2
2.3
67.8
57.6
41.5
-3.5
0.1
0.1
37.5
37.2
-2.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.3
23.6
22.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.8
49.7
1.9
79.1
80.0
21.6
7.6
13.3
14.6
12.2
19.4
1.5
57.3
64.0
34.1
1.6
3.8
5.3
38.0
36.9
5.3
60.1
64.9
43.3
2.2
3.1
3.3
44.7
46.0
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.3
55.6
55.1
-1.1
2.3
2.6
49.7
48.5
2.2
77.0
76.5
61.3
0.8
3.4
3.4
42.0
44.0
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
67.9
66.2
51.9
0.8
2.7
2.8
45.0
46.8
0.1
63.1
63.3
52.3
0.4
1.0
1.0
46.1
45.8
0.5
86.2
85.2
82.5
-0.1
0.3
0.4
48.0
48.1
3.3
47.7
46.8
21.0
0.0
2.5
3.1
31.0
31.3
3.7
65.0
62.4
51.0
-0.5
23.5
25.2
46.3
46.3
1.2
75.9
75.8
71.7
-0.1
4.7
4.7
50.0
50.3
0.0
64.9
62.7
52.6
-0.1
23.1
23.4
45.9
46.8
0.2
73.7
70.1
35.3
-2.0
8.5
8.5
34.4
32.9
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.2
70.8
63.5
-0.8
0.1
0.1
46.3
46.8
-0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.6
73.7
53.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
40.0
41.3
-0.5
66.8
61.6
23.3
-6.6
10.1
10.8
26.7
21.1
1.1
66.7
64.0
44.4
-0.1
0.2
0.2
39.8
41.1
1.0
67.3
67.8
60.6
0.1
5.2
5.5
47.6
47.2
1.1
74.3
72.8
62.4
0.0
4.8
5.0
46.5
46.8
0.6
62.8
62.7
12.6
0.9
4.3
5.4
17.0
17.9
3.8
53.5
51.2
32.2
-0.3
2.3
2.6
39.6
39.8
1.8
88.0
87.1
80.1
0.0
24.2
29.9
49.0
49.1
3.5
77.9
75.3
61.1
-0.5
40.0
40.4
45.3
45.6
0.2
72.4
70.9
61.3
-0.3
0.5
0.6
45.5
45.7
2.5
60.6
59.7
55.7
0.0
2.6
3.0
47.8
48.1
2.6
67.8
65.5
43.1
-0.3
0.0
0.0
40.4
43.0
-0.4
74.6
66.7
52.0
-1.0
0.7
0.6
42.0
43.2
-1.1
69.7
66.6
26.1
0.8
4.1
4.2
27.9
30.1
0.5
71.4
70.2
31.4
0.7
30.6
33.5
30.8
32.1
1.5
47.4
45.6
49.0
-0.4
2.1
2.3
52.8
53.2
1.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
77.0
84.0
73.1
0.3
14.6
20.1
49.9
48.1
5.3
63.3
62.8
50.4
-0.9
21.9
20.5
48.6
47.4
-1.1
92.1
90.2
48.2
0.8
5.5
6.2
19.9
21.7
1.8
68.1
66.1
56.7
0.4
33.3
34.1
46.9
48.0
0.4
68.6
67.4
55.9
-0.1
161.4
167.2
45.1
45.2
0.6
74.4
70.4
56.3
-0.1
1.7
1.7
45.3
46.5
0.0
73.3
72.8
40.6
-0.4
12.5
13.4
35.7
35.4
1.1
66.6
61.8
55.7
-0.5
0.1
0.1
45.1
46.7
1.3
75.6
64.7
48.3
-3.1
13.5
10.7
39.9
39.4
-3.9
82.4
78.7
72.9
-0.9
54.6
55.3
49.1
48.5
0.2
64.4
58.0
53.5
-1.3
0.1
0.0
48.2
48.6
-1.2
70.8
70.2
18.0
-0.4
1.1
1.3
20.8
20.6
2.4
58.5
59.5
5.2
-0.6
5.8
7.1
8.1
7.7
3.2
66.1
66.3
51.9
0.7
5.3
6.7
45.0
45.8
4.0
73.2
71.7
60.5
-0.1
5.4
6.0
50.2
50.1
1.9
74.8
73.0
48.6
-0.2
3,365.0
3,561.1
39.5
39.8
0.9
76.4
73.7
59.7
-0.3
1,247.5
1,267.1
43.8
44.3
0.3
66.5
65.9
50.5
0.0
433.7
439.3
45.3
45.5
0.2
76.7
74.1
50.8
-0.2
291.3
306.6
41.0
41.7
0.9
71.0
69.8
19.9
-1.7
143.2
152.9
20.3
19.2
1.1
68.9
67.6
56.5
-0.1
181.1
188.2
45.3
45.4
0.6
78.0
76.3
27.0
0.9
657.0
728.5
25.0
26.5
1.7
76.8
75.0
64.8
-0.7
411.2
478.5
46.6
45.9
2.5
75.3
72.6
56.1
-1.3
218.7
251.4
43.5
42.5
2.3
77.5
75.9
37.3
0.2
1,072.4
1,187.7
32.1
32.8
1.7
75.6
73.1
54.9
-0.3
1,375.5
1,408.5
42.2
42.6
0.4
68.5
67.8
52.7
0.3
684.9
702.8
44.3
44.9
0.4