World Development Indicators

Direction of trade of low- and middle-income economies
Exports						Imports
To low- and middle-income economies, Within region		To low- and middle-income economies, Outside region		To high-income economies		From low- and middle-income economies, Within region		From low- and middle-income economies, Outside region		From high-income economies
% of total merchandise exports		% of total merchandise exports		% of total merchandise exports		% of total merchandise imports		% of total merchandise imports		% of total merchandise imports
2010	2020	2010	2020	2010	2020	2010	2020	2010	2020	2010	2020

East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)	12.6	17.8	15.2	15.6	71.8	66.4	16.1	22.0	13.3	13.7	64.0	59.0
American Samoa	29.0	9.4	24.4	39.7	46.5	50.9	36.8	19.6	4.6	2.0	58.6	78.4
Cambodia	6.1	12.5	2.0	2.4	91.7	84.7	55.4	73.9	2.1	1.5	42.4	21.0
China	7.0	12.9	17.1	18.2	75.5	68.9	9.6	13.4	16.1	16.8	64.8	63.6
Fiji	22.2	30.6	2.6	1.6	75.0	67.8	12.7	28.9	3.0	4.3	81.9	65.3
Indonesia	22.6	35.3	13.9	15.5	63.4	49.2	28.4	39.7	9.4	10.0	62.1	47.8
Kiribati	10.2	99.1	33.4	0.1	89.8	0.8	9.2	47.7	5.1	8.2	85.7	36.7
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	53.1	30.4	36.1	63.6	8.7	4.0	64.0	84.7	30.1	14.1	5.9	1.1
Lao PDR	80.4	84.9	1.2	1.4	18.4	13.7	87.0	89.5	0.6	0.8	12.4	9.7
Malaysia	24.5	29.3	11.3	9.6	64.2	61.0	28.3	34.1	6.8	8.2	64.2	57.4
Marshall Islands	0.2	11.6	10.6	10.7	89.1	77.7	0.1	26.4	0.6	2.9	99.3	70.7
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	2.6	68.2	1.0	15.3	96.3	16.5	7.1	9.8	0.9	1.3	78.6	63.5
Mongolia	84.7	92.3	2.1	1.7	13.2	5.9	39.4	36.4	30.1	34.1	30.4	28.8
Myanmar	50.7	53.4	15.7	6.3	33.6	40.2	36.9	63.7	4.9	6.3	39.4	30.1
Palau	..	..	8.9	37.5	91.1	62.5	..	..	7.0	22.4	87.0	70.0
Papua New Guinea	18.3	21.8	2.0	3.9	79.7	74.3	19.7	35.2	1.6	2.7	78.7	62.2
Philippines	19.3	25.3	2.8	3.1	77.5	71.5	27.6	41.4	3.9	4.7	68.5	48.8
Samoa	5.7	29.4	1.1	36.5	92.4	31.3	16.4	21.8	0.1	0.8	83.3	77.0
Solomon Islands	70.3	71.5	0.3	3.0	29.4	25.5	25.9	47.3	0.4	1.5	73.7	51.2
Thailand	29.4	32.8	11.3	9.2	58.7	57.6	26.5	39.6	7.0	7.4	65.1	51.6
Timor-Leste	2.1	38.6	17.9	12.6	79.9	48.8	28.9	53.0	54.6	3.0	11.0	43.7
Tonga	1.3	16.9	0.0	0.0	98.7	83.1	18.5	24.1	0.6	0.7	80.1	75.2
Tuvalu	68.7	81.5	11.1	9.0	20.1	9.4	24.9	16.3	1.2	0.6	67.4	77.4
Vanuatu	15.8	17.1	4.0	1.9	34.9	79.4	24.6	29.1	2.0	2.0	73.1	68.4
Vietnam	22.2	24.7	8.3	7.4	69.5	67.9	38.8	39.8	6.3	6.4	54.9	47.1
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)	17.9	20.8	15.5	22.5	58.6	55.5	24.8	21.1	21.1	26.0	52.6	50.7
Albania	16.3	20.5	6.9	3.1	76.5	76.5	18.6	21.4	10.2	14.9	71.2	63.6
Armenia	38.4	37.5	12.9	25.7	47.6	36.6	40.6	44.2	22.6	29.2	36.8	24.7
Azerbaijan	12.7	31.8	13.9	12.3	73.4	56.0	43.8	41.5	16.2	22.4	40.0	36.1
Belarus	54.9	62.5	10.6	10.6	32.4	24.1	59.9	58.4	7.8	15.1	25.5	25.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21.9	20.6	3.5	1.9	72.8	77.4	24.1	21.5	8.8	12.8	66.7	65.7
Bulgaria	21.0	14.3	7.1	9.8	69.5	73.6	29.5	20.0	6.4	11.3	63.5	68.0
Georgia	57.3	60.2	6.4	17.8	36.3	22.0	49.6	48.8	11.6	13.9	38.8	37.3
Kazakhstan	12.5	23.2	21.1	19.9	65.6	56.9	34.5	44.1	21.1	22.1	44.1	33.6
Kosovo	99.7	48.4	0.1	1.5	0.2	50.1	98.6	35.9	0.4	15.2	1.0	48.8
Kyrgyz Republic	37.8	42.7	3.5	3.4	58.7	53.9	55.9	63.4	22.9	23.4	21.2	13.2
Lithuania	..	..	30.2	28.7	69.7	71.0	..	..	40.9	21.4	59.1	78.6
North Macedonia	31.9	18.4	3.5	3.4	64.6	78.1	32.0	21.8	11.3	13.6	56.4	64.6
Moldova	47.3	25.9	3.0	2.6	49.3	70.6	39.5	33.5	12.2	15.9	48.2	50.4
Montenegro	40.5	49.0	0.9	8.3	58.5	42.1	38.2	34.5	9.2	14.7	47.5	50.7
Romania	..	..	24.7	19.0	75.2	81.0	..	..	25.5	23.6	74.5	76.3
Russian Federation	12.9	20.2	11.7	24.5	62.0	55.2	13.5	14.0	25.8	34.2	58.7	51.6
Serbia	37.0	26.9	2.9	4.8	60.0	68.3	26.9	17.3	12.1	18.9	61.0	63.7
Tajikistan	42.2	31.8	48.2	21.8	9.6	46.4	58.2	59.7	18.7	13.4	22.6	26.5
Turkiye	12.2	11.8	24.2	23.4	60.7	64.0	17.7	12.4	25.0	26.6	56.2	54.7
Turkmenistan	28.8	18.5	53.0	77.0	18.2	4.5	58.1	54.1	14.2	16.5	27.7	29.4
Ukraine	44.9	19.4	22.0	35.4	32.0	45.1	46.9	21.3	13.7	22.7	39.5	55.6
Uzbekistan	35.9	32.5	54.9	17.3	9.2	5.0	33.1	42.8	27.4	27.2	39.5	30.0
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)	14.5	9.9	13.8	19.4	69.0	70.1	13.9	11.0	21.5	28.8	62.9	58.2
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	26.8	32.9	70.8	66.8	..	..	16.7	21.4	54.3	78.3
Argentina	30.8	23.2	25.9	37.8	39.4	37.1	37.3	31.9	18.3	30.7	41.5	36.1
Belize	12.3	20.5	0.4	0.6	87.2	78.8	24.4	28.1	11.1	18.3	62.8	53.6
Bolivia	53.3	46.3	3.3	17.3	38.4	36.3	43.1	40.8	14.2	29.7	37.0	29.5
Brazil	17.8	10.4	29.6	47.4	48.2	41.9	13.0	10.0	28.6	33.0	57.4	49.1
Chile	..	..	47.2	56.1	51.5	43.4	..	..	48.3	56.3	46.5	41.3
Colombia	16.9	20.9	8.2	16.4	70.4	60.0	24.2	18.8	18.2	31.1	53.6	49.0
Costa Rica	22.7	21.9	6.2	3.1	70.6	74.9	18.9	18.6	10.1	20.2	68.3	59.2
Cuba	18.0	8.7	14.3	16.7	41.6	54.3	17.7	21.2	29.4	24.8	49.8	50.9
Dominica	22.6	30.2	10.4	7.5	63.3	58.4	13.4	8.1	8.0	3.7	69.7	86.9
Dominican Republic	22.4	13.0	2.8	5.6	67.6	74.8	17.5	12.5	8.5	25.3	63.6	60.7
Ecuador	16.9	8.5	7.3	28.4	69.2	62.7	27.1	23.0	11.7	20.0	57.0	56.5
El Salvador	40.6	50.3	1.0	1.8	58.1	47.9	34.4	38.2	7.9	18.6	54.1	43.0
Grenada	27.6	21.8	2.8	1.1	66.2	69.4	8.9	7.8	2.1	6.0	80.8	79.1
Guatemala	38.9	38.4	3.7	7.5	56.6	53.3	29.7	29.8	10.6	17.4	58.4	52.4
Guyana	8.2	8.7	4.4	13.3	82.2	68.8	14.0	5.0	9.7	30.0	68.4	63.6
Haiti	5.0	5.0	2.1	2.9	92.8	92.2	15.9	11.8	20.2	38.7	45.8	34.2
Honduras	28.2	28.8	3.6	1.8	68.0	68.7	32.8	33.4	10.9	21.4	56.0	45.1
Jamaica	3.3	3.6	6.6	10.1	88.0	84.0	11.5	20.7	7.0	15.7	65.5	63.4
Mexico	5.4	3.5	2.3	3.2	91.6	93.1	3.3	2.8	20.7	28.5	75.6	68.6
Nicaragua	27.5	27.4	2.8	0.9	56.1	67.8	35.4	44.1	13.1	17.7	35.2	33.7
Panama	..	..	26.7	47.9	70.7	49.3	..	..	38.6	45.3	60.7	54.6
Paraguay	48.0	65.9	16.9	9.8	33.2	24.2	41.1	35.5	37.3	36.4	19.4	28.1
Peru	10.7	10.1	19.5	35.4	67.7	53.6	26.0	21.7	25.8	30.5	47.7	46.9
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	9.8	13.4	82.0	81.8	..	..	9.0	12.1	89.3	86.9
St. Lucia	7.3	20.6	0.9	0.9	90.9	78.1	9.0	6.1	3.5	7.5	86.9	85.8
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	23.9	8.0	35.6	68.8	38.1	21.7	7.9	8.0	6.4	11.4	82.8	80.5
Suriname	7.2	2.7	1.2	7.4	91.2	89.6	10.7	8.8	9.9	16.2	77.8	60.8
Uruguay	..	..	56.0	61.8	25.5	23.1	..	..	63.5	67.1	28.2	29.0
Venezuela, RB	..	..	..	..	64.7	33.4	..	..	..	..	43.6	25.3
Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)	8.3	5.6	24.0	38.6	65.7	53.8	7.7	4.4	30.4	42.2	58.3	50.4
Algeria	3.2	4.4	14.5	17.5	82.3	74.4	2.9	6.7	27.0	44.6	69.4	40.6
Djibouti	27.4	7.9	50.5	68.8	22.1	23.3	4.7	6.5	21.3	27.7	73.6	65.4
Egypt, Arab Rep.	19.2	14.4	21.4	26.7	55.4	58.1	3.2	2.0	34.3	42.1	62.0	55.0
Iran, Islamic Rep.	1.7	1.1	49.5	78.0	48.8	20.9	0.5	0.2	24.3	60.8	73.0	38.1
Iraq	2.1	0.7	30.5	68.8	67.4	30.5	34.8	3.9	38.4	72.3	26.8	23.9
Jordan	30.1	17.6	25.2	21.7	43.3	55.3	9.9	6.1	27.0	35.0	63.0	57.3
Lebanon	23.4	14.7	27.1	12.7	48.5	71.0	6.6	6.8	29.6	31.2	63.2	61.9
Libya	2.3	1.3	10.1	25.6	87.6	73.1	9.7	9.4	25.5	36.9	56.7	53.5
Morocco	3.8	4.0	21.9	15.8	71.1	75.4	7.1	3.4	22.6	26.3	69.7	68.5
Syrian Arab Republic	32.3	49.4	8.0	11.7	47.5	34.5	8.6	6.6	41.5	27.2	37.2	13.8
Tunisia	10.5	11.2	7.9	7.8	81.6	73.9	5.6	10.1	21.0	25.6	73.3	61.4
West Bank and Gaza	7.6	8.9	0.2	1.8	92.2	89.3	2.7	3.8	11.1	22.4	86.2	73.8
Yemen, Rep.	1.3	44.2	65.1	36.4	33.2	11.6	3.7	3.5	32.9	41.6	58.2	48.6
South Asia	6.0	7.1	27.2	29.1	64.2	62.0	3.6	5.1	36.2	43.7	58.0	49.9
Afghanistan	55.8	79.5	35.7	13.8	8.5	6.7	13.8	18.8	59.7	70.5	26.4	10.3
Bangladesh	2.6	3.2	8.4	7.7	74.4	73.9	15.8	15.2	36.7	45.4	40.7	33.3
Bhutan	87.3	98.2	0.1	0.3	12.5	1.5	77.0	91.4	6.1	2.2	16.9	6.1
India	5.0	6.9	29.5	32.6	64.1	60.1	0.6	0.8	37.1	43.4	60.3	55.1
Maldives	23.3	6.4	34.8	48.3	41.9	45.3	17.7	20.2	19.4	31.3	62.5	48.4
Nepal	73.0	71.4	3.3	5.4	21.8	20.9	63.6	64.8	19.7	20.9	16.3	12.3
Pakistan	13.4	7.8	23.9	23.3	61.1	68.9	4.9	2.0	33.0	50.6	61.1	45.8
Sri Lanka	6.4	9.2	16.5	18.0	64.9	71.6	27.2	21.2	17.9	37.9	54.9	38.8
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)	17.3	20.3	25.9	31.8	52.6	44.2	17.1	16.3	26.2	36.1	50.5	43.0
Angola	3.4	4.4	54.1	72.4	40.5	22.7	7.9	5.4	24.3	29.9	67.6	64.7
Benin	63.6	10.6	25.7	66.6	10.7	22.7	18.2	18.0	31.8	44.8	49.8	37.2
Botswana	18.5	17.5	2.6	22.7	78.7	57.4	70.5	66.8	7.7	6.0	20.6	23.2
Burkina Faso	11.3	7.5	1.8	7.7	86.9	84.3	31.2	25.1	25.1	32.7	42.8	40.5
Burundi	8.5	19.4	7.7	9.0	82.2	71.6	26.1	24.3	15.7	34.7	48.8	41.0
Cabo Verde	0.7	0.8	2.3	3.2	94.9	93.5	1.5	1.3	12.7	15.9	84.8	80.9
Cameroon	12.7	11.9	15.6	35.5	71.6	52.6	29.6	14.6	25.2	42.6	45.2	42.1
Central African Republic	3.5	23.5	9.3	20.6	87.2	55.9	16.7	13.2	27.3	33.1	54.9	52.1
Chad	0.1	0.5	17.4	44.4	82.4	55.1	27.0	16.4	32.1	47.1	40.9	36.5
Comoros	13.1	3.5	17.0	31.8	69.8	61.0	9.4	6.8	28.5	44.9	62.0	48.0
Congo, Dem. Rep.	29.2	27.3	23.7	54.0	26.5	18.2	18.7	36.8	16.4	26.4	24.6	27.4
Congo, Rep.	22.3	7.2	26.0	68.6	51.1	23.9	40.1	24.4	7.5	32.6	47.4	43.0
Cote d'Ivoire	30.4	21.6	11.0	22.8	57.6	54.3	32.4	18.9	25.9	37.9	36.3	41.4
Eritrea	5.2	0.2	38.0	83.1	56.8	16.7	26.2	4.0	27.2	37.4	45.7	57.7
Ethiopia	6.6	29.3	28.6	20.8	63.9	49.3	1.2	1.5	46.0	38.4	44.6	44.8
Gabon	3.2	1.9	14.4	53.0	82.4	45.1	7.7	6.8	15.2	32.5	77.1	60.7
Gambia, The	47.9	81.1	11.8	15.4	40.2	3.5	5.6	17.8	46.3	42.3	47.2	39.7
Ghana	63.0	20.8	4.8	26.5	32.2	52.6	7.5	7.8	30.8	38.0	60.6	53.4
Guinea	4.8	7.8	11.1	36.5	75.1	49.7	5.1	5.9	32.5	40.5	61.7	53.0
Guinea-Bissau	8.1	27.0	89.7	67.8	2.3	5.1	21.6	18.9	22.2	27.3	56.2	53.8
Kenya	38.3	34.3	20.6	21.6	39.9	43.5	9.7	7.8	35.3	51.9	54.9	39.3
Lesotho	75.3	44.0	1.0	1.2	23.6	54.8	72.6	77.4	4.9	13.1	17.7	9.5
Liberia	2.7	1.9	2.1	4.5	95.2	93.6	15.0	9.2	52.0	67.8	33.0	23.0
Madagascar	10.2	4.6	14.2	14.3	75.5	81.1	8.7	4.8	25.0	53.3	64.9	39.1
Malawi	21.9	29.9	20.9	24.1	57.2	45.9	44.6	30.4	22.5	35.9	32.4	33.6
Mali	67.2	10.1	7.2	9.7	25.6	80.3	42.3	44.1	18.7	28.4	39.0	27.4
Mauritania	1.5	7.8	44.0	52.9	53.9	38.3	4.0	4.3	19.2	31.0	72.3	64.5
Mauritius	..	..	17.6	33.4	82.4	66.6	..	..	59.6	49.8	40.2	50.1
Mozambique	26.3	24.2	8.4	35.9	65.0	39.7	37.6	25.6	15.8	25.6	40.2	48.5
Namibia	42.2	31.0	3.8	35.3	48.1	27.2	75.3	62.6	6.8	16.0	16.6	14.6
Niger	16.5	64.9	15.0	17.9	68.5	17.2	12.0	13.8	51.9	47.8	35.5	38.3
Nigeria	8.8	12.2	35.1	49.7	54.8	36.7	2.9	5.5	18.4	35.9	56.7	41.4
Rwanda	37.1	41.5	7.8	25.1	54.4	31.7	33.3	37.6	26.4	37.0	40.1	24.9
Sao Tome and Principe	4.3	24.7	18.4	6.6	77.1	68.7	22.8	6.3	4.0	18.7	71.0	75.0
Senegal	50.8	38.7	14.8	15.5	26.3	33.2	15.2	11.2	31.8	34.8	52.7	53.7
Seychelles	..	..	2.8	6.9	96.6	92.8	..	..	14.1	23.9	85.7	67.4
Sierra Leone	15.4	89.0	4.6	2.9	64.9	8.1	41.5	18.3	20.4	35.2	38.0	45.9
Somalia	0.2	6.5	17.9	30.4	81.9	63.1	25.3	26.3	48.9	56.8	25.8	16.9
South Africa	24.6	22.5	18.3	21.0	47.7	47.5	9.4	9.6	30.8	38.3	58.7	51.5
Sudan	2.1	1.0	4.0	22.6	93.1	76.0	1.6	3.9	28.3	35.8	66.4	56.8
Eswatini	72.8	87.3	0.8	3.4	26.4	9.2	89.2	71.5	4.5	12.1	4.7	15.7
Tanzania	34.7	37.8	24.8	21.0	40.1	41.2	14.7	9.3	31.2	49.5	53.8	41.1
Togo	26.5	67.9	15.4	21.0	23.6	11.1	13.8	12.2	33.8	43.1	50.5	44.0
Uganda	51.9	33.2	4.1	5.9	38.7	60.0	18.6	27.0	35.3	36.6	45.8	27.2
Zambia	19.0	21.1	21.7	19.4	59.2	59.6	63.0	41.7	9.5	26.5	27.4	31.8
Zimbabwe	56.8	55.1	12.4	0.3	30.8	22.6	79.2	77.4	4.0	7.7	13.7	12.3

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