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World Development Indicators:
Direction of trade of low- and middle-income economies
Exports
Imports
To low- and middle-income economies, Within region
To low- and middle-income economies, Outside region
To high-income economies
From low- and middle-income economies, Within region
From low- and middle-income economies, Outside region
From high-income economies
% of total merchandise exports
% of total merchandise exports
% of total merchandise exports
% of total merchandise imports
% of total merchandise imports
% of total merchandise imports
2010
2020
2010
2020
2010
2020
2010
2020
2010
2020
2010
2020
East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)
12.7
17.9
13.8
14.0
73.4
68.1
17.2
23.2
12.4
12.1
70.0
64.7
American Samoa
29.0
4.5
24.5
24.2
46.5
71.3
37.4
16.9
4.7
2.6
58.0
80.4
Cambodia
6.1
19.0
1.7
0.6
92.2
80.4
55.5
73.8
1.8
1.2
42.7
25.0
China
7.0
12.9
15.2
16.2
77.6
70.9
10.6
14.3
15.7
14.9
73.3
70.8
Fiji
18.7
32.0
2.6
0.2
78.7
67.8
13.2
26.6
3.1
2.9
83.7
70.6
Indonesia
22.6
35.5
13.5
14.9
63.8
49.6
28.4
40.4
8.6
9.4
63.0
50.1
Kiribati
6.4
33.6
14.1
3.0
93.6
66.4
35.6
46.4
0.8
1.5
63.7
52.1
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.
53.5
40.2
34.9
52.2
9.5
4.9
63.9
90.5
28.9
4.6
7.2
5.0
Lao PDR
87.3
85.6
3.4
2.3
9.4
12.2
91.0
84.4
0.3
1.0
8.7
14.6
Malaysia
24.5
29.3
10.9
9.3
64.5
61.4
28.5
34.1
6.6
7.8
64.8
57.8
Marshall Islands
0.2
12.0
4.3
16.7
95.5
71.3
0.1
26.4
0.2
2.8
99.7
70.7
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
2.6
78.8
1.0
4.8
96.4
16.4
8.1
12.0
1.0
1.1
90.9
86.9
Mongolia
85.6
72.6
0.6
0.1
13.8
27.3
32.7
39.0
3.9
4.2
63.5
56.9
Myanmar
50.8
55.7
15.6
6.3
33.6
38.1
45.7
63.7
6.0
6.0
48.4
30.3
Palau
4.3
3.6
4.2
21.3
91.5
75.1
6.7
15.5
0.3
0.5
93.0
84.1
Papua New Guinea
14.7
27.9
2.3
1.4
83.0
70.7
19.7
36.8
1.6
2.0
78.7
61.2
Philippines
19.4
25.1
2.7
2.9
77.9
72.1
27.6
43.0
3.1
3.9
69.4
53.1
Samoa
0.5
1.5
0.0
..
99.5
98.5
16.7
22.2
0.1
0.2
83.2
77.6
Solomon Islands
70.3
70.5
0.2
2.9
29.4
26.6
27.0
49.2
0.4
1.7
72.6
49.1
Thailand
29.6
32.9
11.0
8.9
59.3
58.1
26.9
40.2
5.3
6.6
67.8
53.2
Timor-Leste
2.1
34.1
17.3
0.5
80.5
65.4
30.4
64.4
55.0
5.3
14.5
30.3
Tonga
5.2
5.4
0.0
..
94.8
94.6
18.7
23.3
0.4
..
81.0
76.7
Tuvalu
69.6
46.8
10.6
47.8
19.6
5.4
39.3
12.1
1.0
0.8
59.7
87.1
Vanuatu
45.6
53.9
0.9
0.6
53.5
46.1
24.8
32.0
2.2
0.8
72.9
67.2
Viet Nam
22.2
25.0
7.1
6.1
70.8
68.9
38.8
42.9
5.1
5.7
56.2
51.4
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
12.0
12.6
21.1
22.6
66.8
64.7
10.1
10.1
19.7
23.7
69.8
66.2
Albania
15.4
19.1
6.9
3.1
77.7
77.8
14.5
17.9
10.2
14.9
75.3
67.2
Armenia
8.1
4.8
13.1
25.8
78.9
69.5
15.3
11.3
22.6
29.8
62.1
58.9
Azerbaijan
8.4
26.6
13.9
12.3
77.7
61.1
26.2
23.1
16.2
22.4
57.6
54.5
Belarus
15.6
17.5
10.7
10.9
72.5
71.6
8.3
8.1
8.0
15.2
80.3
76.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina
21.7
19.2
3.5
1.9
74.7
78.9
15.1
18.5
8.8
12.8
76.1
68.7
Bulgaria
18.8
13.1
6.7
9.5
74.5
77.3
13.4
14.0
6.4
11.4
80.2
74.7
Georgia
51.3
37.6
6.4
17.8
42.3
44.6
41.6
36.5
11.6
13.9
46.9
49.6
Kazakhstan
7.5
11.3
21.2
23.7
71.2
65.0
12.8
11.0
21.2
12.7
66.0
76.4
Kosovo
26.5
46.9
20.8
1.5
52.7
51.6
42.6
31.9
11.0
15.2
46.4
52.9
Kyrgyz Republic
20.1
30.2
3.5
3.4
76.3
66.5
22.2
27.5
22.9
23.4
54.9
49.2
Lithuania
12.1
10.6
2.3
4.4
85.6
85.0
3.6
6.9
4.4
5.3
92.0
87.9
North Macedonia
24.6
12.8
3.4
4.8
72.0
82.5
16.5
16.0
11.3
15.4
72.0
68.6
Moldova
20.0
15.0
3.0
2.6
77.0
82.4
23.0
21.3
12.2
15.9
64.7
62.8
Montenegro
40.0
48.8
0.9
8.3
59.2
42.9
38.6
33.6
9.7
14.7
51.7
51.7
Romania
12.5
8.1
6.4
5.9
81.1
86.0
9.1
9.3
9.0
9.0
81.9
81.7
Russian Federation
13.8
19.6
13.6
24.6
72.5
55.8
13.4
13.8
26.3
34.3
60.2
51.9
Serbia
29.1
19.0
3.0
4.8
68.0
76.2
10.5
12.4
12.1
23.2
77.4
63.9
Tajikistan
64.1
64.0
25.6
19.2
10.3
16.7
33.0
39.6
28.1
18.2
38.4
42.3
Turkiye
7.0
7.7
25.0
23.6
68.0
68.6
5.2
3.5
25.3
28.4
69.4
68.1
Turkmenistan
23.1
13.6
53.0
76.8
23.9
9.6
41.2
34.1
14.2
16.2
44.6
49.7
Ukraine
18.1
12.8
22.3
35.4
59.6
51.7
10.0
12.3
13.6
22.7
76.5
64.9
Uzbekistan
16.8
41.2
54.9
30.5
28.3
28.4
13.6
21.6
27.4
27.4
59.0
51.1
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)
14.5
9.7
13.1
19.1
70.8
71.0
13.9
11.1
21.5
29.0
63.6
59.7
Antigua and Barbuda
3.7
0.2
1.5
91.8
94.8
8.0
8.9
10.4
13.7
9.8
77.4
79.8
Argentina
31.4
23.6
25.4
37.3
41.1
38.9
38.4
32.3
18.1
30.7
43.4
37.0
Belize
18.7
19.8
0.5
0.6
80.6
79.6
27.4
27.7
14.1
18.0
58.5
54.3
Bolivia
53.3
45.6
3.2
17.6
38.6
36.6
43.1
40.4
14.0
28.8
37.1
30.8
Brazil
18.2
10.3
28.2
46.6
51.7
42.7
13.1
10.8
27.7
34.0
58.7
55.2
Chile
17.1
12.3
29.6
42.8
52.6
44.9
28.6
23.3
22.1
34.3
49.0
42.4
Colombia
17.0
21.3
8.1
16.4
71.2
61.6
25.0
19.0
18.4
30.9
55.9
50.1
Costa Rica
22.7
21.3
5.9
3.0
71.1
75.7
19.4
19.3
10.2
20.1
70.1
60.5
Cuba
9.2
3.4
19.2
24.3
68.6
65.0
11.3
15.7
30.6
21.6
42.1
48.0
Dominica
18.7
15.1
11.7
19.2
69.6
65.5
12.9
13.6
8.5
9.2
70.9
77.2
Dominican Republic
24.0
12.0
2.9
4.7
72.7
83.1
18.3
14.6
8.7
22.1
66.6
63.2
Ecuador
17.1
9.4
3.9
23.3
73.5
67.2
27.4
23.0
11.5
27.9
58.0
49.0
El Salvador
40.6
49.6
0.6
1.3
58.5
49.1
34.6
37.5
13.4
18.7
50.4
43.8
Grenada
29.7
20.0
0.2
0.3
70.1
79.7
8.1
7.1
6.0
6.5
78.8
86.4
Guatemala
38.9
38.6
3.3
7.3
57.0
54.0
30.1
29.9
10.2
17.0
59.7
52.9
Guyana
8.2
3.1
4.4
5.1
82.6
88.4
14.1
10.7
9.6
13.4
69.1
75.7
Haiti
5.0
3.9
2.1
2.9
92.9
93.2
19.0
11.9
23.9
47.7
54.4
38.3
Honduras
28.2
29.8
3.2
1.5
68.5
68.6
32.8
35.5
10.6
19.7
56.4
44.8
Jamaica
2.8
3.7
4.0
3.9
93.2
92.4
10.9
17.1
7.1
16.2
67.7
66.7
Mexico
5.4
3.5
2.2
3.1
91.9
93.3
3.3
2.8
20.5
28.3
76.1
69.0
Nicaragua
27.5
28.5
1.6
0.7
57.4
70.7
35.4
46.2
12.4
17.1
35.9
36.7
Panama
19.7
14.9
7.6
30.7
72.6
54.2
28.4
27.1
10.3
17.7
61.0
55.1
Paraguay
48.0
65.9
10.4
4.0
39.8
30.0
41.1
35.5
37.1
35.2
19.5
29.2
Peru
10.7
9.1
18.4
33.7
69.4
57.1
26.1
22.3
25.1
30.7
48.4
46.9
St. Kitts and Nevis
9.2
14.2
0.9
0.5
89.8
85.3
6.2
5.8
2.3
5.6
91.4
88.5
St. Lucia
6.0
19.7
0.9
1.0
93.0
79.3
8.5
8.3
3.5
16.7
88.0
74.9
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
23.2
9.1
36.7
58.3
40.0
32.6
6.6
7.1
6.4
9.8
84.6
83.1
Suriname
1.5
3.9
1.2
4.4
97.2
91.5
10.2
7.7
10.0
14.7
79.3
77.5
Uruguay
42.8
33.7
16.7
37.4
36.2
28.8
39.6
39.4
21.1
29.0
31.6
31.6
Venezuela, RB
12.1
6.5
19.4
66.8
68.5
26.7
31.5
25.5
14.1
44.1
54.3
30.5
Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)
9.2
6.7
27.5
39.7
63.2
53.6
7.8
3.9
30.0
41.6
62.2
54.5
Algeria
3.2
8.3
14.6
23.9
82.2
67.9
2.9
3.2
26.6
32.7
70.5
64.1
Djibouti
0.8
0.6
84.1
90.0
15.1
9.4
1.8
2.8
46.8
50.1
51.4
47.1
Egypt, Arab Rep.
19.5
14.5
23.5
25.2
57.0
60.3
3.2
1.9
30.8
38.2
65.9
59.9
Iran, Islamic Rep.
1.7
1.9
49.2
78.7
49.1
19.4
0.5
0.5
23.1
47.4
76.4
52.1
Iraq
2.1
0.8
30.5
68.1
67.4
31.0
34.5
5.2
37.7
69.9
27.8
24.8
Jordan
30.5
18.6
25.2
22.9
44.3
58.5
9.9
6.3
25.3
34.5
64.8
59.2
Lebanon
23.5
14.8
27.4
12.3
49.0
72.5
6.7
6.8
26.4
26.1
66.9
67.0
Libya
2.2
1.3
24.3
34.5
73.5
64.2
10.1
10.2
40.4
40.2
49.5
49.6
Morocco
3.9
2.8
21.6
21.7
74.4
75.5
7.1
2.9
19.0
26.3
73.4
70.8
Syrian Arab Republic
36.8
58.0
8.5
6.5
54.7
35.5
9.9
23.3
39.6
42.1
50.5
34.6
Tunisia
10.5
8.1
7.7
6.7
81.8
85.2
5.6
7.5
16.1
28.1
78.2
64.4
West Bank and Gaza
7.6
5.8
0.2
1.7
92.2
92.5
2.7
4.6
10.8
21.1
86.5
74.3
Yemen, Rep.
1.3
9.8
65.3
76.7
33.4
13.5
3.9
3.5
33.4
40.6
62.7
55.9
South Asia
5.4
7.0
27.8
29.0
66.7
63.8
3.4
5.1
35.6
41.5
59.7
52.9
Afghanistan
55.8
79.5
28.1
13.5
16.1
7.0
13.8
18.9
56.5
67.8
29.7
13.4
Bangladesh
3.0
3.7
9.5
7.3
87.5
89.1
16.9
16.1
38.9
46.7
44.2
37.1
Bhutan
87.4
97.9
0.1
0.5
12.5
1.6
77.0
91.9
6.1
1.9
16.9
6.2
India
5.1
6.9
29.5
31.8
65.3
61.0
0.6
0.8
36.3
41.8
61.7
56.7
Maldives
23.0
6.4
34.2
48.7
42.8
44.9
17.7
20.2
20.0
31.2
62.2
48.5
Nepal
74.5
73.6
3.3
3.5
22.3
22.9
64.0
65.0
19.7
23.3
16.3
11.7
Pakistan
13.5
7.8
23.7
22.6
62.6
69.7
4.9
2.0
32.6
50.0
62.5
48.0
Sri Lanka
7.3
9.3
15.9
16.1
76.6
74.7
27.2
21.8
17.7
37.4
55.1
40.8
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)
22.8
22.8
24.8
30.6
52.4
46.6
16.6
16.9
29.6
37.3
53.9
45.8
Angola
3.3
1.8
52.3
76.4
44.4
21.8
7.9
6.6
24.2
36.8
67.8
56.6
Benin
63.7
12.7
25.7
73.5
10.7
13.8
18.8
18.2
31.7
38.2
49.5
43.6
Botswana
18.5
17.9
2.7
23.1
78.9
59.0
71.4
69.6
7.8
4.8
20.8
25.6
Burkina Faso
23.2
8.3
1.1
7.7
75.7
84.1
31.8
25.3
23.1
25.7
45.1
49.0
Burundi
8.6
34.8
7.6
10.8
83.8
54.4
28.8
31.7
16.9
24.5
54.3
43.9
Cabo Verde
0.4
0.4
2.4
1.1
97.2
98.5
1.5
0.7
12.8
12.6
85.6
86.7
Cameroon
12.8
9.4
15.6
41.7
71.6
48.8
28.9
11.0
24.0
38.9
47.0
50.1
Central African Republic
3.7
25.2
9.3
11.2
87.0
63.6
16.9
31.8
27.4
23.3
55.7
44.9
Chad
0.1
1.5
17.4
38.6
82.5
59.9
24.9
19.1
33.0
45.4
42.1
35.5
Comoros
15.0
10.0
15.3
25.4
69.7
64.7
14.0
7.8
28.6
42.8
57.4
49.4
Congo, Dem. Rep.
75.9
27.4
12.2
54.3
11.9
18.3
32.2
42.7
27.3
28.2
40.5
29.1
Congo, Rep.
22.8
10.5
26.5
70.0
50.7
19.4
42.2
13.4
7.9
35.4
49.9
51.2
Cote d'Ivoire
30.7
22.7
11.0
24.0
58.3
53.3
34.3
21.2
27.1
36.4
38.7
42.4
Eritrea
13.7
0.1
39.2
95.1
47.2
4.8
13.6
4.6
33.7
39.0
52.6
56.4
Ethiopia
18.7
16.1
19.1
20.9
62.2
63.0
2.2
2.0
44.6
59.1
53.3
39.0
Gabon
2.7
20.7
14.7
43.4
82.6
35.9
8.9
5.9
14.9
29.5
76.1
64.6
Gambia, The
48.1
76.8
11.7
17.0
40.2
6.3
5.6
17.8
46.6
40.8
47.8
41.3
Ghana
63.0
22.0
4.7
28.1
32.3
49.9
7.7
8.7
30.4
40.0
61.9
51.2
Guinea
5.5
29.5
6.5
32.0
88.0
38.5
4.9
5.2
32.1
37.4
63.1
57.4
Guinea-Bissau
8.4
7.6
70.2
34.9
21.4
57.6
19.2
29.1
22.1
29.8
58.7
41.0
Kenya
41.9
36.0
18.7
20.0
39.3
44.1
10.0
8.0
34.3
50.4
55.7
41.6
Lesotho
77.3
44.0
1.0
1.2
21.8
54.8
78.6
77.4
6.0
13.1
15.3
9.4
Liberia
51.0
2.0
8.5
3.5
40.5
94.5
16.1
18.1
51.8
54.1
32.0
27.8
Madagascar
12.7
5.6
14.2
14.2
73.2
80.2
14.0
8.1
25.2
54.4
60.7
37.6
Malawi
22.2
27.6
19.1
16.8
58.7
55.5
44.5
28.7
21.5
35.4
34.0
35.9
Mali
67.2
55.4
7.1
5.3
25.7
39.3
42.4
49.6
17.6
22.9
40.0
27.5
Mauritania
1.5
7.7
42.4
35.5
56.0
56.8
4.2
2.4
18.2
29.2
77.3
68.5
Mauritius
13.5
23.5
3.9
9.5
82.7
67.0
11.2
10.0
48.4
39.7
40.4
50.3
Mozambique
26.4
30.1
7.8
23.2
65.8
46.7
40.7
33.9
16.5
30.4
42.8
35.7
Namibia
45.0
36.3
4.0
29.4
51.0
34.3
76.3
71.0
6.8
13.0
16.8
16.0
Niger
16.5
47.3
15.0
3.3
68.5
49.4
12.1
15.5
52.0
40.9
35.9
43.6
Nigeria
23.5
19.3
28.2
30.5
48.3
50.2
1.7
2.5
38.5
45.1
59.8
52.4
Rwanda
37.8
43.2
7.7
8.6
54.5
48.2
33.8
38.7
25.1
35.7
41.0
25.6
Sao Tome and Principe
6.7
12.3
0.4
0.1
92.9
87.6
23.1
24.5
4.1
13.5
72.8
62.1
Senegal
55.2
44.2
16.1
17.7
28.7
38.1
15.2
11.2
30.5
30.3
54.2
58.5
Seychelles
1.1
2.0
1.9
6.7
97.0
91.3
9.8
4.6
7.6
15.1
82.6
80.3
Sierra Leone
28.9
15.8
5.7
59.1
47.2
25.0
27.1
7.1
26.1
55.5
46.8
37.3
Somalia
0.2
1.3
20.9
17.8
79.0
80.9
41.4
13.1
38.4
67.1
20.2
19.9
South Africa
27.6
25.1
19.7
22.6
52.7
52.3
9.7
9.9
31.0
37.6
59.3
52.6
Sudan
2.1
1.0
4.0
22.7
93.9
76.3
1.7
4.0
29.4
33.9
69.0
62.1
Eswatini
73.5
92.0
0.4
0.3
26.2
7.8
90.1
73.9
4.5
13.3
5.4
12.8
Tanzania
34.9
37.8
24.7
19.3
40.4
42.9
14.9
9.4
30.1
47.4
55.1
43.2
Togo
40.4
70.9
23.3
16.1
36.2
13.0
14.1
14.0
34.4
41.8
51.5
44.1
Uganda
54.9
33.5
4.0
5.8
41.1
60.7
18.9
29.8
34.3
39.3
46.8
30.9
Zambia
19.3
21.1
21.7
19.4
59.0
59.5
63.3
43.8
9.5
25.9
27.2
30.4
Zimbabwe
57.1
76.6
11.9
0.3
31.0
23.1
73.9
67.7
13.8
22.8
12.3
9.5