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World Development Indicators:
Science and technology
High-technology exports
Charges for the use of intellectual property
Patent applications filed
Trademark applications filed (by count)
Industrial design applications filed (by count)
full-time equivalent per million people
$ millions
$ millions
2010-18
2018
2020
2019
2020
2020
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
..
112
0.0
0
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
180
5
0.1
16
39
4
1
1,439.0
6,945.0
5,231
1
133
113
525
9,589.0
9,161.0
1,358.0
324.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
0
3
12
1,058.0
1,494.0
..
..
30
26.4
0
130
2
108
2,604.0
1,729.0
..
..
..
6
0.0
0
3
..
..
..
..
8,811
546
5.2
220
1,248
442
3,260
49,081.0
15,304.0
1,052.0
997.0
..
521
29
9.8
0
0
112
4
3,912.0
8,052.0
39.0
452.0
..
..
2
5.0
0
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
53,610
5,598
21.3
879
3,585
2,637
27,121
78,307.0
61,779.0
3,147.0
5,710.0
12,362
15,986
11.5
1,533
1,582
2,066
208
16,533.0
9,481.0
396.0
187.0
..
761
34
5.0
..
..
147
20
3,908.0
9,367.0
139.0
822.0
..
20
..
6
..
..
322
4.4
..
..
4
322
347.0
11,938.0
7.0
55.0
..
3,135
..
..
4
65
68
345
8,043.0
4,392.0
1,494.0
104.0
..
38
25
13.7
..
..
31
232.0
799.0
..
1,180
802
4.3
125
202
298
95
4,936.0
14,834.0
317.0
392.0
15,688
34,420
14.1
4,227
3,212
876
257
..
..
..
..
..
9
0
0.0
0
6
..
32
..
..
5.0
257.0
..
228
2
2.5
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
6.9
0
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
53
..
..
0
0
1
17
130.0
4,377.0
4.0
8.0
103
13
3.5
6
40
704
212
5.3
12
14
45
14
985.0
8,921.0
84.0
650.0
281
16
0.4
1
67
2
603.0
2,828.0
..
..
60,148
5,945
14.1
634
4,062
5,464
19,932
218,764.0
27,480.0
4,226.0
2,206.0
..
294
16
8.1
0
12
8
133
269.0
4,194.0
169.0
3,311
2,154
10.8
145
264
186
7
12,303.0
4,206.0
718.0
124.0
252
4
25.8
1
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
21
0
1.5
15
29.0
291.0
2.0
146
308
1.2
9
21
310
2,980.0
10,853.0
16.0
280.0
..
876
2
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
59,968
25,522
16.3
7,218
13,703
4,238
32,250
91,856.0
82,431.0
734.0
6,814.0
9
0
0
4
1
91.0
193.0
..
..
..
..
19
91
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7,122
1,364
7.5
40
1,492
438
2,799
32,915.0
14,032.0
51.0
477.0
528,263
757,683
30.8
8,583
37,871
1,243,568
157,093
7,582,457.0
250,553.0
691,771.0
19,846.0
..
340,122
65.6
701
1,760
346
16,186
29,179.0
47,713.0
1,481.0
3,493.0
..
0
0.0
0
139
38
2,479.0
12,884.0
18.0
216.0
7,195
690
9.0
123
1,123
422
1,735
28,427.0
19,529.0
331.0
337.0
..
3
0
3.0
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
149
17
0.8
0
0
42
90
122.0
108.0
..
..
..
67
38
6.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
507
1,039
17.6
7
624
16
483
8,866.0
6,957.0
11.0
62.0
..
248
11.2
0
11
..
..
..
..
..
..
4,277
1,084
8.3
60
311
195
16
5,779.0
3,950.0
316.0
767.0
..
969
..
..
..
..
27
88
3,641.0
4,321.0
21.0
3.0
..
..
..
..
4
25
..
..
..
2,413.0
..
..
1,245
63
19.9
478
236
4
1
1,157.0
2,611.0
85.0
..
15,577
39,603
20.7
693
1,390
765
48
20,256.0
5,196.0
837.0
237.0
13,979
10,492
12.1
5,149
1,655
1,351
228
5,893.0
4,572.0
113.0
239.0
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13
..
..
0
1
..
2.0
149.0
..
..
49
494
6.4
0
82
23
220
7,891.0
5,618.0
5.0
35.0
2,142
53
5.5
4
140
29
408
12,270.0
7,080.0
79.0
75.0
13,327
344
2.3
0
297
1,027
1,156
22,997.0
14,752.0
1,720.0
1,009.0
45
236
5.1
1
98
1
147
4,857.0
3,264.0
7.0
34.0
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,415
2,151
16.9
21
57
31
1
2,287.0
3,228.0
37.0
67.0
1,994
43
9.4
0
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
140
55.9
0
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
10,599
4,420
9.2
2,975
1,181
1,321
75
5,459.0
3,825.0
166.0
178.0
66,352
87,120
26.9
14,668
12,273
14,103
1,766
293,229.0
18,418.0
35,732.0
1,673.0
..
..
5
30.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
64
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
34
0
0.0
..
..
..
16
114.0
2,096.0
..
550
14
2.6
1
55
85
112
2,966.0
8,295.0
186.0
504.0
104,396
182,352
16.4
36,883
16,880
46,632
20,802
210,549.0
25,388.0
36,617.0
7,480.0
1,276
1.1
46
157
10,907
2,006
12.5
59
320
356
238
..
..
783.0
422.0
..
30
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
46
0
11.4
0
11
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
100
300
4.9
16
260
7
231
6,977.0
5,644.0
5.0
200.0
..
28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14
1
0.3
0
2
..
..
29
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
45
2.0
0
62
187
2,676.0
4,862.0
6,701
18,156
17.4
1,196
1,408
427
23
7,508.0
4,424.0
433.0
71.0
681
145
38.1
382
72
47
15
1,302.0
7,772.0
16.0
401.0
135,788
21,583
10.2
1,254
7,241
19,454
34,173
322,297.0
45,471.0
9,381.0
4,342.0
26,948
6,412
8.1
84
1,530
3,093
8,388
40,758.0
45,049.0
1,798.0
870.0
48,306
..
..
11,569
578
437,653.0
17,272.0
17,489.0
133.0
6,073
..
..
0
5
737
106
7,174
42,491
26.0
15,031
96,919
58
35
..
..
105.0
77.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12,235
12,961
23.1
1,656
1,670
1,368
6,370
4,274.0
17,379.0
819.0
664.0
71,240
34,664
7.8
4,184
4,205
9,229
898
85,062.0
12,034.0
30,302.0
810.0
..
164
3.0
5
51
14
51
2,933.0
3,445.0
204.0
3.0
98,793
102,751
17.0
43,316
28,550
245,372
62,597
471,748.0
74,476.0
22,920.0
9,260.0
2,627
79
1.4
6
25
21
290
2,730.0
4,076.0
71.0
47.0
2,367
2,492
29.7
1
147
11,517.0
15,955.0
1,247
86
4.6
43
76
294
41
5,825.0
7,451.0
154.0
11.0
..
1
0
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
87
..
..
..
..
7,377
7
..
..
..
..
66,376
163,987
32.4
6,895
9,888
171,603
47,372
228,515.0
55,575.0
61,364.0
7,995.0
..
278
..
..
2
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,004
31
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
137
28
6.7
1
6
92
1
494.0
7,105.0
..
87
20.6
0
0
..
1,418
1,838
17.2
9
31
82
5
2,068.0
3,668.0
124.0
49.0
..
1,776
76
3.9
19
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
19
1
0.3
0
3
1
..
29.0
2,282.0
..
..
..
25
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
162
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
30
..
..
..
..
..
..
421.0
8,654.0
120.0
872.0
2,267
2,619
12.0
8
78
90
33
3,207.0
3,696.0
177.0
457.0
869
619
6.6
1,949
5,935
117
359
..
..
..
..
493
232
4.2
12
184
..
..
..
73.0
662.0
127
5
0.4
1
10
30
2,940.0
3,250.0
314.0
4.0
231
1
7.3
..
5
..
..
23,661
92,108
51.4
232
2,386
1,071
6,480
22,485.0
24,219.0
574.0
1,330.0
..
7
..
36
..
..
..
..
..
..
90
5.5
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
422
792
29.6
837
1,291
5
7
535.0
196.0
11.0
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20
1
0.0
0
0
..
..
..
..
115.0
11.0
127
20
2.1
1
13
4
23
2,565.0
2,048.0
115.0
11.0
16,346
71,003
20.4
17
609
1,305
14,636
112,970.0
47,215.0
1,348.0
2,378.0
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
210
19
3.0
2
27
85
15
3,164.0
8,167.0
451.0
723.0
..
45
..
..
..
..
10
5
1,616.0
7,287.0
30.0
942.0
..
141
18.9
1
24
84
86
10,821.0
5,671.0
855.0
361.0
250
10
6.9
0
4
16
..
414.0
8,152.0
1.0
871.0
5,057
857
4.9
10
152
199
2,531
17,025.0
13,187.0
3,620.0
1,617.0
139
2
1.0
0
0
23
24
1,655.0
4,043.0
40.0
37.0
231
202
2.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
156
4
0.2
2
1
8
12
476.0
6,010.0
79.0
108.0
..
792
1.1
..
..
30,457
87,143
23.0
45,025
42,768
2,228
449
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7,889
590
9.9
835
834
324
5,690
18,081.0
32,666.0
321.0
960.0
..
44
10
1.1
0
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
55
9
5.6
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5,602
190
1.5
0
253
439
683
11,341.0
7,317.0
1,913.0
326.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11,803
4,102
22.5
355
737
957
582
11,782.0
31,354.0
464.0
4,177.0
856
..
..
30
476
11,064.0
4,960.0
8.0
551.0
12,904
309
2.3
11
183
313
561
32,741.0
5,591.0
453.0
128.0
..
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
173
3
18
34
328
4,590.0
6,537.0
92.0
64
..
..
..
..
..
63
232.0
660.0
8.0
98
54
7.2
..
19
4
324
11,103.0
5,630.0
18.0
50.0
..
1,630
173
4.1
25
348
137
1,122
29,205.0
12,853.0
133.0
249.0
2,237
32,819
62.2
15
519
501
3,879
34,097.0
28,573.0
1,110.0
625.0
35,663
19,967
9.9
1,101
3,534
3,887
112
30,832.0
7,949.0
1,053.0
205.0
14,295
3,371
6.9
162
879
703
104
30,251.0
5,815.0
1,920.0
138.0
515
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,503
466
0.0
..
..
39
799
1,333.0
7,039.0
..
..
10,345
6,985
11.1
132
887
881
58
20,262.0
5,252.0
542.0
519.0
81,579
6,604
12.9
1,164
6,809
23,337
12,174
246,719.0
60,263.0
4,412.0
6,515.0
170
10.6
0
0
316.0
2,815.0
4.0
67.0
..
11
2.3
0
0
2
1
40.0
1,120.0
40.0
..
11
..
..
..
..
11
741
..
..
5.0
103.0
..
1
17.0
0
0
..
15.0
1,750.0
..
..
..
10,898
217
0.6
..
..
1,188
2,463
23,411.0
14,258.0
348.0
456.0
388
8
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
4,523
..
91
348
168
9
3,194.0
13,066.0
134.0
1,023.0
..
10
1
2.2
1
2
12
105.0
540.0
..
5.0
..
41
0
1
..
..
200.0
2,562.0
5.0
11,459
160,491
51.8
8,673
15,345
1,727
12,409
11,121.0
42,167.0
392.0
4,377.0
..
..
..
..
0
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
5,322
7,860
9.9
48
647
206
28
8,797.0
4,847.0
180.0
230.0
3,206
2,542
7.4
88
252
..
13
0
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13,009
1,835
4.9
126
1,198
567
6,347
21,583.0
15,788.0
976.0
908.0
..
9
..
..
8
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
54,537
15,725
6.8
2,950
5,122
1,288
159
70,826.0
9,981.0
15,728.0
449.0
1,348
83
1.1
..
..
356
255
6,676.0
3,709.0
480.0
66.0
..
26
0
2
..
..
..
..
4
10.5
1
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
9.9
0
3
..
3
27.0
396.0
..
..
..
398
..
0
0
238
7
1,647.0
3,593.0
218.0
16.0
..
17
12.5
0
4
..
..
..
..
34
4
0.3
0
33
..
..
..
..
..
..
20,421
17,725
14.5
8,377
9,281
1,802
388
14,851.0
4,800.0
529.0
129.0
21,379
29,244
12.9
23,242
26,418
1,369
348
40,712.0
55,614.0
3,334.0
9,284.0
275
..
..
..
..
121
32
8,771.0
4,408.0
148.0
92.0
..
62
2
4.5
0
0
1
1
595.0
5,879.0
..
..
603
0
3
..
..
1,418.0
2,237.0
..
..
12,514
45,838
23.5
225
4,504
865
7,307
32,367.0
34,023.0
3,541.0
1,752.0
..
14
..
..
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
86
1
0.1
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
0
0
..
..
..
211
..
..
1
37
1
112
854.0
1,678.0
20.0
4.0
5,565
6.9
18
18
..
..
222.0
961.0
33,536
4,173
3.0
220
2,299
7,871
217
248,754.0
33,695.0
39,239.0
6,964.0
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
10
147.0
..
..
..
673
12
3.1
4
0
14
1
1,598.0
1,617.0
154.0
6.0
10,380
1,176
5.5
74
495
2,097
1,755
54,298.0
25,112.0
4,660.0
2,964.0
3,145
1,156
2.9
..
..
55
1,843
5,507.0
13,043.0
66.0
857.0
97,681
58,144
23.1
23,905
16,043
12,061
7,189
142,436.0
77,933.0
21,726.0
8,173.0
422,808
141,539
18.7
113,779
42,984
285,113
336,340
460,197.0
212,447.0
22,988.0
26,857.0
852
113
8.3
24
109
4,090.0
5,279.0
354
42
0.7
0
113
374
169
8,035.0
7,684.0
249.0
17.0
..
6
..
..
1
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
639
..
..
..
..
10,719.0
431.0
..
4,286
101,534
40.4
..
..
720
6,800
74,516.0
37,865.0
2,214.0
2,173.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
376
12
0.9
0
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
137
..
..
..
..
60
15
4,331.0
1,359.0
47.0
4.0
..
213
11
2.3
0
15
2
21
1,083.0
3,758.0
58.0
359
8
4.9
..
4
..
..
2,554,319
20.5
393,404
452,710
2,231,800
994,300
12,769,600.0
2,360,400.0
1,137,300.0
223,700.0
866,689
..
33.6
70,451
106,979
1,679,298
361,970
8,640,599.0
770,040.0
791,562.0
59,425.0
794,017
751,063
16.1
196,753
265,325
108,230
14.1
1,148
10,596
8,364
46,129
553,090.0
200,485.0
7,947.0
7,459.0
..
119,302
4.7
2,547
3,596
549,567.0
133,028.0
25,934.0
6,770.0
482,864
167,061
18.2
120,997
56,691
289,351
368,590
552,053.0
294,878.0
23,722.0
33,671.0
154,139
..
9.5
1,269
7,531
20,192
35,351
369,887.0
63,540.0
11,812.0
4,648.0
..
29,476
5.7
238
1,992
..
5,429
..
5.1
14
40
600
1,600
41,000.0
47,500.0
..
..
..
290,061
11.9
1,602
11,683
41,100
64,300
1,140,000.0
375,900.0
..
..
815,834
23.9
12,019
65,108
1,289,800
236,700
8,733,200.0
734,600.0
..
..
1,450,500
20.2
379,768
375,879
900,200
691,800
2,844,700.0
1,202,400.0
..
..