World Development Indicators

Towards a broader measure of savings
Gross savings	Consumption of fixed capital	Education expenditure	Net forest depletion	Energy depletion	Mineral depletion	Carbon dioxide damage	Local pollution damage	Adjusted net savings

% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI
2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012

Afghanistan	-14.9	12.4	..	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.5	2.5	..
Albania	14.7	13.6	2.8	0.3	3.5	0.1	0.3	1.0	-1.3
Algeria	48.0	7.6	4.5	0.3	15.3	0.1	0.7	0.2	28.2
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	3.3	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	20.0	14.8	3.6	0.3	32.5	0.0	0.3	0.9	-25.2
Antigua and Barbuda	25.9	13.0	2.2	..	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.0	..
Argentina	22.3	12.4	5.7	0.0	3.9	0.6	0.4	0.7	10.1
Armenia	11.1	13.2	2.2	1.1	0.0	2.3	0.4	0.0	-3.7
Aruba	..	..	5.5	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	26.2	16.5	5.1	0.0	1.5	3.6	0.3	0.0	9.4
Austria	24.7	16.5	5.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	13.1
Azerbaijan	45.6	3.1	2.8	0.0	28.2	0.1	0.7	0.3	15.9
Bahamas, The	9.0	8.9	3.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
Bahrain	21.5	7.9	3.0	0.0	17.6	0.0	1.0	0.2	-0.8
Bangladesh	36.2	11.5	1.8	1.3	2.1	0.0	0.5	1.4	21.3
Barbados	8.6	11.9	7.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	3.6
Belarus	32.3	14.6	4.8	0.0	1.2	0.0	1.0	0.6	19.7
Belgium	20.3	17.7	6.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.6	7.9
Belize	16.3	12.6	7.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	10.6
Benin	7.2	13.6	4.8	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.8	1.3	-5.2
Bermuda	..	10.2	2.1	..	0.0	0.0	0.1	..	..
Bhutan	47.2	8.5	3.4	16.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	23.7
Bolivia	27.4	12.5	6.5	0.0	10.6	3.3	0.7	1.5	5.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	14.1	11.0	..	..	0.0	0.6	1.8	2.3	..
Botswana	40.8	12.9	9.3	0.0	0.2	2.1	0.4	1.3	33.2
Brazil	15.0	12.3	5.6	0.7	1.9	1.4	0.2	1.0	3.1
Brunei Darussalam	..	..	2.0	..	..	..	..	0.0	..
Bulgaria	22.5	12.0	4.1	0.0	0.1	1.3	0.8	1.6	10.9
Burkina Faso	22.9	8.6	3.1	3.3	0.0	10.9	0.2	0.8	8.5
Burundi	17.6	13.6	5.7	22.2	0.0	0.9	0.1	0.2	-13.7
Cabo Verde	36.1	13.4	4.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Cambodia	11.2	15.4	1.6	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	2.0	-7.5
Cameroon	16.1	14.4	2.9	0.0	5.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	-1.6
Canada	23.1	12.4	5.1	0.0	2.0	0.6	0.3	0.0	12.9
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	..	13.7	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	..
Chad	..	18.6	2.0	0.0	21.8	0.0	0.0	0.6	..
Channel Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	22.5	15.8	4.1	0.0	0.1	10.0	0.3	0.9	-0.5
China	51.4	12.5	1.8	0.1	2.4	1.5	1.1	1.8	33.9
Hong Kong SAR, China	27.7	13.3	2.8	..	0.0	0.0	0.1	..	..
Macao SAR, China	66.4	1.9	1.9	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	..
Colombia	19.7	16.0	3.3	0.0	8.3	0.8	0.2	0.8	-3.2
Comoros	..	13.5	4.2	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	..
Congo, Dem. Rep.	..	13.2	2.4	25.6	2.8	15.8	0.2	1.0	..
Congo, Rep.	..	17.7	2.5	0.0	66.8	0.0	0.2	0.2	..
Costa Rica	16.2	6.0	6.2	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.5	15.1
Cote d'Ivoire	..	14.7	4.3	0.0	3.3	1.4	0.2	0.2	..
Croatia	19.7	12.1	4.2	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.7	9.3
Cuba	..	11.8	12.9	0.0	2.6	1.4	0.6	0.8	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	9.0	12.5	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.6	3.9
Czech Republic	22.7	20.1	4.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.7	5.1
Denmark	22.9	13.0	8.1	0.0	1.7	0.0	0.1	0.5	15.7
Djibouti	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1.0	..
Dominica	11.2	12.5	5.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Dominican Republic	9.6	13.3	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.6	-3.2
Ecuador	27.3	12.0	4.1	0.4	12.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	6.1
Egypt, Arab Rep.	13.4	7.2	4.4	0.5	8.0	0.1	0.8	1.2	0.0
El Salvador	9.3	3.5	3.2	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.6	6.6
Equatorial Guinea	..	24.2	1.0	0.0	55.4	0.0	0.4	0.1	..
Eritrea	..	11.6	1.7	2.0	0.0	10.0	0.2	0.4	..
Estonia	26.3	17.3	5.6	0.6	0.3	0.0	1.0	0.1	12.5
Ethiopia	28.9	12.2	2.9	11.7	0.0	0.8	0.2	0.9	6.1
Faeroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	..	12.3	4.2	0.0	0.0	1.8	0.4	0.4	..
Finland	18.1	16.4	6.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	7.6
France	17.2	12.2	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	9.9
French Polynesia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gabon	..	16.3	3.1	0.0	31.3	0.1	0.2	0.0	..
Gambia, The	17.8	13.1	2.5	5.2	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.6	0.9
Georgia	18.5	11.3	1.8	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.8	7.0
Germany	23.6	12.1	4.8	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	15.8
Ghana	22.7	12.0	8.2	5.3	3.7	6.0	0.3	1.0	2.7
Greece	9.8	16.2	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.7	-4.4
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	-10.7	12.8	3.7	..	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	..
Guam	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guatemala	12.3	12.8	2.9	2.3	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.8	-2.3
Guinea	-6.8	9.0	2.6	12.1	0.0	13.8	0.3	0.4	-42.8
Guinea-Bissau	1.5	13.6	2.3	13.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.8	-22.4
Guyana	11.1	13.6	3.0	0.0	0.0	11.6	0.7	0.0	-11.8
Haiti	25.4	11.2	1.5	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	12.7
Honduras	17.8	5.5	3.5	2.0	0.0	0.6	0.5	1.3	11.4
Hungary	24.4	15.1	4.6	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.9	12.4
Iceland	10.4	16.5	8.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	2.3
India	30.7	13.1	3.1	1.1	1.9	1.0	1.3	1.6	13.8
Indonesia	33.0	5.1	2.5	0.2	3.4	1.0	0.6	0.9	24.1
Iran, Islamic Rep.	..	..	4.1	..	..	..	..	2.1	..
Iraq	26.6	11.6	..	0.0	28.6	0.0	0.6	1.0	..
Ireland	19.6	15.5	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	10.9
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	21.7	13.8	5.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.8	12.4
Italy	17.5	17.6	4.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.5	3.3
Jamaica	8.5	8.4	6.0	0.3	0.0	1.6	0.4	0.5	3.5
Japan	20.9	22.2	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	1.5
Jordan	8.5	11.8	5.6	0.1	0.0	1.7	0.6	0.7	-0.7
Kazakhstan	30.4	15.8	4.4	0.0	21.5	2.1	1.6	1.9	-8.0
Kenya	9.4	6.3	5.9	3.3	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.5	4.7
Kiribati	..	7.7	..	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Korea, Dem. Rep.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	3.1	..
Korea, Rep.	30.8	15.5	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.8	18.1
Kosovo	18.5	11.4	..	..	0.3	1.2	..	..	..
Kuwait	55.7	6.2	3.2	0.0	34.4	0.0	0.6	1.3	16.4
Kyrgyz Republic	31.5	12.6	7.0	0.0	0.8	10.9	1.1	1.0	12.1
Lao PDR	16.8	16.2	1.1	2.9	0.0	9.3	0.2	0.8	-11.6
Latvia	25.6	17.0	5.6	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.7	11.0
Lebanon	13.8	15.5	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	1.4	-2.2
Lesotho	16.1	10.6	9.8	3.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	11.5
Liberia	34.0	13.6	3.7	27.3	0.0	1.2	0.6	0.5	-6.0
Libya	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1.5	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	2.4	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	17.7	12.7	5.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.5	9.1
Luxembourg	24.1	18.9	3.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.1	8.3
Macedonia, FYR	26.2	18.1	4.9	0.4	0.2	2.1	1.1	3.0	6.0
Madagascar	..	13.2	2.7	2.2	0.0	1.4	0.2	0.6	..
Malawi	12.8	13.5	4.9	8.3	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.4	-2.7
Malaysia	33.1	13.2	4.4	0.0	6.5	0.2	0.8	0.9	15.9
Maldives	..	15.5	5.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.1	..
Mali	8.9	14.2	4.2	0.0	0.0	10.0	0.1	1.3	-10.8
Malta	12.4	13.0	7.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.1	5.2
Marshall Islands	..	9.7	6.5	..	0.0	0.0	0.5	..	..
Mauritania	..	14.2	3.6	1.9	0.0	31.6	0.7	0.5	..
Mauritius	14.9	13.3	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	4.5
Mexico	21.9	13.5	5.1	0.0	6.0	0.7	0.4	0.6	5.7
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	10.8	..	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Moldova	11.9	10.6	7.3	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.6	1.3	6.2
Monaco	..	..	1.1	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	35.6	5.1	5.0	0.1	11.2	8.1	1.6	3.4	11.3
Montenegro	-0.2	11.1	..	..	0.1	0.0	0.5	..	..
Morocco	26.6	12.9	5.2	0.0	0.0	2.8	0.6	0.7	14.7
Mozambique	12.4	12.2	4.0	0.0	3.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4
Myanmar	..	..	0.7	..	..	..	..	1.1	..
Namibia	18.8	13.1	8.4	0.0	0.0	1.4	0.3	0.1	12.0
Nepal	40.4	9.1	4.2	4.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0	30.0
Netherlands	24.5	12.4	6.1	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.2	0.4	16.9
New Caledonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
New Zealand	15.4	12.8	7.3	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.1	8.0
Nicaragua	17.8	13.0	4.2	3.2	0.0	1.2	0.5	0.4	3.7
Niger	20.3	3.5	4.0	8.1	0.0	0.4	0.3	1.0	10.0
Nigeria	44.4	13.2	0.9	1.4	19.6	0.0	0.3	2.7	8.2
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	38.3	13.4	6.2	0.0	9.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	21.7
Oman	..	12.5	4.2	0.0	34.6	0.0	0.8	0.3	..
Pakistan	19.3	12.5	1.5	0.9	1.8	0.0	0.7	1.2	3.7
Palau	..	13.4	..	..	0.0	0.0	1.4	..	..
Panama	28.8	6.7	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.6	23.3
Papua New Guinea	..	6.1	..	1.0	0.0	17.0	0.2	0.1	..
Paraguay	13.0	5.9	3.8	4.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3	6.1
Peru	27.1	12.9	2.2	0.0	1.7	6.3	0.4	0.8	7.3
Philippines	23.7	13.0	2.4	0.2	0.3	2.0	0.4	0.7	9.4
Poland	18.4	13.0	5.1	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.6	7.9
Portugal	16.3	12.4	5.7	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.5	8.7
Puerto Rico	..	8.6	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Qatar	68.7	5.2	1.8	0.0	18.6	0.0	0.4	0.2	46.1
Romania	22.7	16.5	3.7	0.0	1.5	0.0	0.4	0.9	7.0
Russian Federation	30.7	4.7	3.5	0.0	11.4	0.9	0.9	1.2	15.0
Rwanda	11.7	13.9	4.1	4.9	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	-3.7
Samoa	..	12.4	4.8	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
San Marino	..	..	3.6	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	..	15.3	7.7	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	..
Saudi Arabia	49.7	13.0	7.2	0.0	30.6	0.0	0.7	2.0	10.0
Senegal	22.1	7.4	5.2	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.6	1.9	15.9
Serbia	18.4	13.6	4.8	..	1.6	0.3	1.1	..	..
Seychelles	..	13.5	3.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7	..	..
Sierra Leone	10.4	14.5	2.7	7.2	0.0	0.5	0.2	0.9	-22.7
Singapore	46.1	18.0	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.4	30.7
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	22.4	18.4	3.9	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.5	6.1
Slovenia	21.7	16.2	5.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.5	9.5
Solomon Islands	..	17.7	3.8	32.0	0.0	5.9	0.3	0.1	..
Somalia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	0.9	..
South Africa	13.5	13.1	5.5	0.0	2.2	2.7	1.4	0.4	-0.9
South Sudan	..	12.6	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Spain	19.2	17.2	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	5.9
Sri Lanka	24.6	5.5	1.7	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	19.7
St. Kitts and Nevis	19.1	13.0	3.3	..	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
St. Lucia	13.1	12.4	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	4.5
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	-6.8	12.3	4.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	-14.9
Sudan	10.3	11.6	0.9	0.0	3.4	1.7	0.2	0.9	-6.7
Suriname	..	12.8	..	0.0	0.0	16.2	0.5	0.1	..
Swaziland	8.2	13.4	8.8	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	1.4
Sweden	24.8	13.2	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.1	17.5
Switzerland	31.7	17.2	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	18.9
Syrian Arab Republic	..	..	2.6	..	..	..	..	0.3	..
Tajikistan	18.0	11.0	3.7	0.1	0.3	1.0	0.4	0.0	9.0
Tanzania	23.7	14.2	4.8	0.0	0.3	4.7	0.3	0.4	8.7
Thailand	31.5	13.5	4.1	0.8	3.2	0.0	0.9	0.4	16.7
Timor-Leste	76.7	2.9	2.0	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	..
Togo	0.0	15.7	4.8	6.9	0.0	2.2	0.6	0.3	-21.3
Tonga	5.7	11.5	2.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	..	14.9	2.9	0.0	28.8	0.0	2.8	0.0	..
Tunisia	15.2	16.4	5.9	0.3	3.8	1.2	0.6	1.9	-3.2
Turkey	14.6	10.8	2.6	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.4	2.3	3.3
Turkmenistan	..	13.9	..	0.0	30.0	0.0	1.8	0.3	..
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	7.9	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Uganda	13.1	14.7	3.1	12.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	-11.2
Ukraine	9.4	11.9	5.9	0.1	2.6	0.0	1.8	2.7	-3.7
United Arab Emirates	..	14.6	..	0.0	14.9	0.0	0.6	0.6	..
United Kingdom	10.9	12.3	5.8	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	3.0
United States	16.3	12.5	4.8	0.0	0.7	0.1	0.3	0.1	7.2
Uruguay	15.5	13.6	2.3	1.5	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.8	1.6
Uzbekistan	..	12.7	9.4	0.0	7.7	5.8	1.9	0.5	..
Vanuatu	19.8	14.5	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	10.5
Venezuela, RB	26.3	6.0	5.8	0.0	17.9	0.5	0.6	0.6	6.5
Vietnam	33.1	16.5	5.9	0.7	6.8	0.3	1.2	0.7	12.7
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
West Bank and Gaza	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Yemen, Rep.	8.6	6.9	4.1	0.0	10.7	0.0	0.6	1.3	-10.8
Zambia	26.1	11.5	1.3	0.0	0.0	13.4	0.1	0.7	1.8
Zimbabwe	..	11.4	2.5	0.0	1.2	5.0	1.1	1.0	..
World	24.5	13.6	4.2	0.1	2.4	0.6	0.5	0.6	11.0
Low income	24.5	11.8	3.1	4.9	1.4	2.1	0.4	1.0	6.0
Middle income	34.6	12.1	3.2	0.3	4.2	1.2	0.8	1.4	17.8
Lower middle income	28.5	11.1	3.1	0.8	4.4	1.1	0.9	1.4	11.9
Upper middle income	36.4	12.5	3.3	0.2	4.1	1.2	0.8	1.4	19.5
Low & middle income	34.4	12.1	3.2	0.4	4.1	1.2	0.8	1.4	17.6
East Asia & Pacific	47.5	12.0	2.1	0.1	2.6	1.4	1.0	1.6	30.8
Europe & Central Asia	18.9	12.3	3.8	0.0	4.4	0.6	0.8	1.8	2.8
Latin America & Caribbean	19.1	12.2	5.1	0.4	4.7	1.2	0.3	0.8	4.5
Middle East & North Africa	29.1	9.9	4.3	0.3	13.8	0.5	0.7	1.3	7.5
South Asia	29.3	12.7	2.8	1.1	1.8	0.8	1.1	1.5	13.1
Sub-Saharan Africa	26.3	13.0	3.4	2.0	10.3	1.9	0.6	1.2	0.8
High income	20.1	14.2	4.7	0.0	1.6	0.3	0.3	0.3	8.1
Euro area	20.1	14.3	5.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.4	10.1

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