World Development Indicators

Towards a broader measure of savings
Gross savings	Consumption of fixed capital	Education expenditure	Net forest depletion	Energy depletion	Mineral depletion	Carbon dioxide damage	Local pollution damage	Adjusted net savings

% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI
2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012	2012

Afghanistan	-14.4	8.9	..	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.5	2.5	..
Albania	15.7	10.6	2.8	0.3	3.5	0.1	0.3	1.2	2.4
Algeria	47.6	6.9	4.5	0.3	15.6	0.1	0.7	0.2	28.3
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	3.3	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	18.9	13.8	3.6	0.2	32.5	0.0	0.3	0.9	-25.2
Antigua and Barbuda	23.9	12.7	2.2	..	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.0	..
Argentina	17.5	12.8	4.5	0.0	3.1	0.5	0.3	0.5	4.8
Armenia	13.4	9.4	2.2	1.1	0.0	2.3	0.4	0.0	2.4
Aruba	..	..	5.5	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	26.1	15.3	5.1	0.0	1.5	3.6	0.3	0.0	10.5
Austria	24.7	15.9	5.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	13.7
Azerbaijan	45.6	4.7	2.8	0.0	27.3	0.1	0.6	0.3	15.2
Bahamas, The	9.0	5.6	3.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
Bahrain	31.6	6.3	3.0	0.0	17.6	0.0	1.0	0.2	9.6
Bangladesh	36.3	8.1	1.8	1.3	2.1	0.0	0.5	1.4	24.8
Barbados	8.6	12.5	7.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	3.0
Belarus	33.4	11.1	4.8	0.0	1.2	0.0	1.0	0.6	24.3
Belgium	20.2	17.6	6.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.6	8.0
Belize	16.6	12.1	7.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	6.8
Benin	7.2	9.5	4.8	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.8	1.3	-1.0
Bermuda	..	4.5	2.1	..	0.0	0.0	0.1	..	..
Bhutan	44.3	7.9	3.4	15.6	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	23.8
Bolivia	27.4	11.4	6.5	0.0	10.6	3.3	0.7	1.5	6.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	12.9	10.1	..	..	0.0	0.6	1.9	2.3	..
Botswana	35.0	12.4	9.3	0.0	0.2	2.1	0.4	1.3	27.9
Brazil	14.9	12.7	5.6	0.7	1.9	1.5	0.2	1.0	2.5
Brunei Darussalam	..	..	2.0	..	..	..	..	0.0	..
Bulgaria	21.0	11.0	4.1	0.0	0.1	1.2	0.8	1.6	10.3
Burkina Faso	22.9	5.8	3.1	3.3	0.0	10.9	0.2	0.8	10.2
Burundi	17.6	11.0	5.7	22.2	0.0	0.9	0.1	0.2	-11.0
Cabo Verde	32.4	10.9	4.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Cambodia	12.3	9.5	1.6	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	2.0	-0.2
Cameroon	15.4	10.2	2.9	0.0	5.2	0.2	0.4	0.3	2.2
Canada	21.1	14.6	5.1	0.0	2.0	0.6	0.3	0.0	8.6
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	..	8.3	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	..
Chad	..	10.4	2.0	0.0	17.4	0.0	0.0	0.5	..
Channel Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	22.6	20.2	4.1	0.0	0.1	10.1	0.3	0.9	-4.9
China	51.3	11.4	1.8	0.1	2.4	1.5	1.1	1.8	34.8
Hong Kong SAR, China	26.4	13.8	2.8	..	0.0	0.0	0.1	..	..
Macao SAR, China	66.2	0.9	1.9	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	..
Colombia	20.1	12.6	3.3	0.0	8.3	0.8	0.2	0.8	0.6
Comoros	..	9.4	4.2	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	..
Congo, Dem. Rep.	..	9.1	2.4	15.9	1.7	9.8	0.1	1.0	..
Congo, Rep.	..	14.3	2.5	0.0	66.8	0.0	0.2	0.2	..
Costa Rica	16.6	6.0	6.2	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.5	15.4
Cote d'Ivoire	..	5.2	4.3	0.0	3.3	1.4	0.2	0.2	..
Croatia	19.4	16.8	4.2	0.8	0.7	0.0	0.4	0.7	4.3
Cuba	..	11.1	12.9	0.0	2.6	1.4	0.6	0.8	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	9.0	13.6	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.6	3.8
Czech Republic	22.7	21.2	4.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.7	4.1
Denmark	22.9	15.7	8.1	0.0	1.7	0.0	0.1	0.5	13.0
Djibouti	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1.0	..
Dominica	10.6	11.2	5.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Dominican Republic	10.0	12.2	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.6	-1.7
Ecuador	29.2	12.0	4.1	0.4	12.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	8.0
Egypt, Arab Rep.	13.4	5.9	4.4	0.5	8.0	0.1	0.8	1.2	1.3
El Salvador	9.0	4.2	3.2	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.6	5.6
Equatorial Guinea	..	20.1	1.0	0.0	54.1	0.0	0.4	0.1	..
Eritrea	..	8.9	1.7	2.0	0.0	10.0	0.2	0.4	..
Estonia	26.3	15.3	5.6	0.6	0.3	0.0	1.0	0.1	14.5
Ethiopia	27.1	8.7	2.9	11.3	0.0	0.8	0.2	0.9	8.2
Faeroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	..	11.8	4.2	0.0	0.0	1.8	0.4	0.4	..
Finland	18.5	16.2	6.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	8.3
France	17.2	13.4	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	8.7
French Polynesia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gabon	..	14.3	3.1	0.0	32.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	..
Gambia, The	18.3	9.4	2.5	5.1	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.6	5.2
Georgia	17.4	10.8	1.8	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.8	6.4
Germany	23.6	14.7	4.8	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	13.1
Ghana	30.5	10.9	8.2	5.2	3.6	5.8	0.2	1.0	12.1
Greece	10.3	21.6	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.7	-9.2
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	-9.3	11.6	3.7	..	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	..
Guam	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guatemala	12.7	11.5	2.9	2.3	0.5	0.9	0.2	0.8	-0.7
Guinea	-6.8	9.2	2.6	12.1	0.0	13.7	0.3	0.4	-43.2
Guinea-Bissau	1.5	8.4	2.3	13.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.8	-17.2
Guyana	11.1	10.0	3.0	0.0	0.0	11.6	0.7	0.0	-8.3
Haiti	25.2	8.7	1.5	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	15.0
Honduras	17.8	5.7	3.5	2.0	0.0	0.6	0.5	1.3	11.2
Hungary	24.4	16.8	4.6	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.9	10.4
Iceland	10.7	17.2	8.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	1.9
India	30.7	9.9	3.1	1.1	1.9	1.0	1.3	1.6	17.0
Indonesia	31.6	5.2	2.5	0.2	3.4	1.0	0.6	0.9	22.8
Iran, Islamic Rep.	..	9.0	4.1	0.0	16.8	0.6	1.2	2.1	..
Iraq	31.4	12.4	..	0.0	28.6	0.0	0.6	1.0	..
Ireland	19.6	11.4	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	14.9
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	21.7	12.4	5.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.8	13.9
Italy	17.7	18.0	4.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.5	3.0
Jamaica	8.5	7.7	6.0	0.3	0.0	1.6	0.4	0.5	4.1
Japan	21.1	20.8	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	3.2
Jordan	10.7	7.8	5.6	0.1	0.0	1.7	0.6	0.7	5.4
Kazakhstan	30.4	13.9	4.4	0.0	21.5	2.1	1.6	1.9	-6.2
Kenya	9.5	6.3	5.9	3.4	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.5	4.8
Kiribati	..	6.8	..	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Korea, Dem. Rep.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	3.1	..
Korea, Rep.	34.2	12.8	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.8	24.3
Kosovo	21.4	10.1	..	..	0.3	1.2	..	..	..
Kuwait	55.7	5.4	3.2	0.0	34.4	0.0	0.6	1.3	17.1
Kyrgyz Republic	11.8	9.4	7.0	0.0	0.8	10.2	1.1	1.0	-3.7
Lao PDR	16.8	10.5	1.1	3.0	0.0	9.4	0.2	0.8	-6.0
Latvia	25.6	15.4	5.6	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.7	12.8
Lebanon	15.8	12.1	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	1.4	3.1
Lesotho	23.5	7.5	9.8	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	22.1
Liberia	34.0	9.2	3.7	27.3	0.0	1.2	0.6	0.5	-1.5
Libya	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1.5	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	2.4	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	17.7	12.2	5.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.5	8.3
Luxembourg	24.1	16.9	3.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.1	10.3
Macedonia, FYR	35.8	14.4	4.9	0.4	0.2	2.1	1.1	3.0	19.5
Madagascar	..	8.9	2.7	2.2	0.0	1.5	0.2	0.6	..
Malawi	13.2	8.2	4.9	8.3	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.4	2.5
Malaysia	33.1	13.3	4.4	0.0	6.5	0.2	0.8	0.9	15.9
Maldives	..	14.8	5.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.1	..
Mali	18.9	3.3	4.2	0.0	0.0	10.0	0.1	1.3	8.5
Malta	12.4	14.5	7.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.1	3.3
Marshall Islands	..	9.0	6.5	..	0.0	0.0	0.5	..	..
Mauritania	..	10.3	3.6	2.1	0.0	34.1	0.7	0.5	..
Mauritius	14.2	11.8	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	5.3
Mexico	22.7	9.5	5.1	0.0	6.0	0.7	0.4	0.6	10.7
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	9.9	..	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Moldova	15.1	8.4	7.3	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.6	1.3	11.7
Monaco	..	..	1.1	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	33.5	5.6	5.0	0.1	11.5	8.3	1.6	3.4	8.1
Montenegro	0.8	10.8	..	..	0.1	0.0	0.6	..	..
Morocco	26.3	11.0	5.2	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.5	0.7	16.3
Mozambique	12.3	8.7	4.0	0.0	3.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	3.9
Myanmar	..	..	0.7	..	..	..	..	1.1	..
Namibia	21.9	12.4	8.4	0.0	0.0	1.4	0.3	0.1	15.0
Nepal	39.4	4.4	4.2	4.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0	33.7
Netherlands	24.5	14.6	6.1	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.2	0.4	14.7
New Caledonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
New Zealand	16.9	14.5	7.3	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.1	8.5
Nicaragua	18.3	3.7	4.2	3.2	0.0	1.1	0.5	0.4	13.6
Niger	20.3	3.2	4.0	8.1	0.0	0.4	0.3	1.0	9.9
Nigeria	33.0	1.8	0.9	0.7	10.8	0.0	0.1	2.7	17.7
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	38.4	13.5	6.2	0.0	9.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	21.7
Oman	..	7.1	4.2	0.0	25.9	0.0	0.7	0.3	..
Pakistan	19.4	5.1	1.5	0.9	1.8	0.0	0.7	1.2	11.1
Palau	..	13.0	..	..	0.0	0.0	1.3	..	..
Panama	27.2	5.8	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.3	0.6	22.7
Papua New Guinea	..	4.4	..	1.0	0.0	17.0	0.2	0.1	..
Paraguay	16.6	12.0	3.8	4.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3	3.4
Peru	27.7	6.9	2.2	0.0	1.7	6.4	0.4	0.8	13.7
Philippines	35.4	8.9	2.4	0.2	0.3	1.7	0.3	0.7	25.7
Poland	18.0	12.5	5.1	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.6	8.1
Portugal	16.0	19.4	5.7	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.5	1.4
Puerto Rico	..	13.9	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Qatar	65.8	9.9	1.8	0.0	16.4	0.0	0.4	0.2	40.8
Romania	22.7	17.6	3.7	0.0	1.5	0.0	0.4	0.9	6.0
Russian Federation	29.1	4.5	3.5	0.0	11.4	0.9	0.9	1.2	13.7
Rwanda	17.8	9.1	4.1	4.9	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	7.3
Samoa	..	10.9	4.8	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
San Marino	..	..	3.6	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	11.6	10.0	7.7	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	6.8
Saudi Arabia	46.6	5.9	7.2	0.0	29.6	0.0	0.7	2.0	15.5
Senegal	22.1	9.9	5.2	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.6	1.9	13.9
Serbia	10.2	15.5	4.8	..	1.6	0.3	1.1	..	..
Seychelles	..	12.8	3.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.8	..	..
Sierra Leone	14.6	3.9	2.7	8.0	0.0	0.6	0.2	0.9	1.7
Singapore	49.3	15.4	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	36.4
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	22.4	19.7	3.9	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.5	5.6
Slovenia	21.7	16.9	5.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.5	9.4
Solomon Islands	..	11.9	3.8	25.0	0.0	4.6	0.3	0.1	..
Somalia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	0.9	..
South Africa	12.9	13.1	5.5	0.0	2.2	2.7	1.4	0.4	-1.5
South Sudan	..	10.5	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Spain	19.2	16.9	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	6.1
Sri Lanka	24.5	5.2	1.7	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	19.9
St. Kitts and Nevis	20.9	12.4	3.3	..	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
St. Lucia	10.9	12.0	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	2.8
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	-5.7	11.0	4.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	-12.6
Sudan	2.7	0.9	0.9	0.0	3.4	1.7	0.2	0.9	-3.5
Suriname	..	12.2	..	0.0	0.0	16.2	0.5	0.1	..
Swaziland	7.7	12.1	8.8	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	2.2
Sweden	24.8	12.9	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.1	17.8
Switzerland	31.7	14.1	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	21.9
Syrian Arab Republic	..	..	2.6	..	..	..	..	0.3	..
Tajikistan	16.7	9.5	3.7	0.1	0.3	1.0	0.4	0.0	9.2
Tanzania	22.9	7.1	4.8	0.0	0.3	4.8	0.3	0.4	14.9
Thailand	31.5	15.9	4.1	0.8	3.2	0.0	0.9	0.4	14.3
Timor-Leste	76.7	2.5	2.0	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	..
Togo	0.0	10.5	4.8	6.9	0.0	2.2	0.6	0.3	-15.6
Tonga	5.7	10.2	2.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	..	14.6	2.9	0.0	28.7	0.0	2.8	0.0	..
Tunisia	17.9	15.7	5.9	0.3	3.8	1.2	0.6	1.9	0.4
Turkey	14.4	5.4	2.6	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.4	2.3	8.5
Turkmenistan	..	13.8	..	0.0	30.0	0.0	1.8	0.3	..
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	7.2	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Uganda	14.7	9.4	3.1	12.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	-4.3
Ukraine	15.2	9.7	5.9	0.1	2.5	0.0	1.7	2.7	4.4
United Arab Emirates	..	18.5	..	0.0	14.9	0.0	0.6	0.6	..
United Kingdom	10.9	13.5	5.8	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	1.8
United States	16.3	14.0	4.8	0.0	0.7	0.1	0.3	0.1	5.7
Uruguay	15.3	12.5	2.3	1.5	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.8	2.6
Uzbekistan	..	9.9	9.4	0.0	7.8	5.9	1.9	0.5	..
Vanuatu	19.8	11.8	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	13.1
Venezuela, RB	26.3	6.1	5.8	0.0	17.9	0.5	0.6	0.6	6.4
Vietnam	33.1	10.4	5.9	0.7	6.8	0.3	1.2	0.7	18.8
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
West Bank and Gaza	-7.7	..	..	..	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Yemen, Rep.	..	5.0	4.1	0.0	11.7	0.0	0.6	1.4	..
Zambia	29.0	10.5	1.3	0.0	0.0	12.9	0.1	0.7	6.1
Zimbabwe	..	10.1	2.5	0.0	0.9	4.1	1.0	1.0	..
World	24.7	13.4	4.2	0.1	2.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	11.3
Low income	24.5	8.0	3.1	4.2	1.3	1.7	0.3	1.0	11.2
Middle income	34.3	10.4	3.2	0.3	4.3	1.2	0.8	1.4	19.1
Lower middle income	28.0	7.7	3.1	0.7	3.6	1.1	0.9	1.4	15.8
Upper middle income	36.1	11.2	3.2	0.1	4.5	1.2	0.8	1.4	20.1
Low & middle income	34.1	10.4	3.2	0.4	4.2	1.2	0.8	1.4	19.0
East Asia & Pacific	47.6	11.0	2.1	0.1	2.6	1.4	1.0	1.6	32.0
Europe & Central Asia	19.3	9.6	3.8	0.0	4.3	0.6	0.8	1.8	5.9
Latin America & Caribbean	18.8	11.1	5.0	0.4	4.6	1.2	0.3	0.8	5.4
Middle East & North Africa	28.6	9.0	4.3	0.1	14.3	0.5	0.9	1.3	8.1
South Asia	29.4	9.1	2.8	1.1	1.8	0.8	1.1	1.5	16.7
Sub-Saharan Africa	21.8	7.9	3.4	1.6	7.4	1.9	0.5	1.2	4.6
High income	20.6	14.8	4.7	0.0	1.7	0.3	0.3	0.3	8.0
Euro area	20.2	15.6	5.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.4	8.9

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