World Development Indicators

Towards a broader measure of savings
Gross savings	Consumption of fixed capital	Education expenditure	Net forest depletion	Energy depletion	Mineral depletion	Carbon dioxide damage	Local pollution damage	Adjusted net savings

% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI	% of GNI
2014	2014	2014	2014	2014	2014	2014	2010	2014

Afghanistan	-4.6	10.1	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.7	3.0	-18.3
Albania	12.0	11.8	2.8	0.1	3.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	-1.6
Algeria	44.5	6.6	4.5	0.4	14.2	0.0	0.7	0.1	26.9
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	10.2	2.4	..	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Angola	31.8	8.4	3.6	0.3	24.2	0.0	..	1.2	..
Antigua and Barbuda	9.3	13.8	2.3	..	0.0	0.0	0.5	..	..
Argentina	18.0	9.2	4.5	0.1	2.4	0.3	0.4	0.1	10.1
Armenia	13.2	12.1	2.1	0.2	0.0	1.6	0.5	0.7	0.4
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	24.6	17.5	5.1	0.0	0.9	2.4	0.3	0.0	8.5
Austria	25.0	18.1	5.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	11.8
Azerbaijan	40.7	5.1	2.6	0.0	19.6	0.1	0.5	0.3	17.8
Bahamas, The	6.7	7.7	3.8	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	2.3
Bahrain	28.4	5.9	2.9	0.0	26.4	0.0	0.9	0.1	-2.0
Bangladesh	35.4	8.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	0.0	0.4	0.6	25.2
Barbados	-1.0	3.3	5.4	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.4	0.3	-0.3
Belarus	27.4	11.9	4.7	0.4	0.7	0.0	0.9	0.6	17.3
Belgium	23.5	19.4	6.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	9.8
Belize	10.7	17.0	6.4	0.0	5.2	0.0	0.4	0.1	-5.5
Benin	16.3	5.6	4.6	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.7	1.1	12.3
Bermuda	42.6	5.3	2.1	..	0.0	0.0	0.1	..	..
Bhutan	37.3	7.8	3.4	16.9	0.0	0.0	0.4	1.0	14.7
Bolivia	21.9	9.3	6.1	0.0	7.9	1.6	0.6	0.2	8.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10.8	13.2	..	..	0.0	0.3	1.4	0.6	..
Botswana	47.9	20.9	9.5	0.0	0.1	1.2	0.4	0.1	34.8
Brazil	16.6	11.8	5.5	0.3	1.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	7.3
Brunei Darussalam	59.9	8.3	2.0	0.0	27.1	0.0	0.6	0.1	25.8
Bulgaria	22.7	13.4	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.8	1.0	0.5	10.7
Burkina Faso	..	7.9	4.3	4.8	0.0	6.2	0.2	1.4	..
Burundi	17.8	14.7	5.2	13.5	0.0	0.3	0.1	1.3	-8.6
Cabo Verde	..	21.9	5.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.4	..
Cambodia	16.4	11.5	1.6	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.9	3.1
Cameroon	10.4	7.6	2.7	0.0	5.5	0.1	0.2	1.4	-2.3
Canada	21.8	17.2	4.9	0.0	1.5	0.5	0.3	0.1	7.0
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	..	6.3	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.5	..
Chad	..	6.7	1.6	2.3	10.8	0.0	0.1	3.0	..
Channel Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	20.9	13.0	4.6	0.0	0.1	7.9	0.4	0.1	4.1
China	49.4	12.9	1.8	0.1	1.3	0.9	1.1	0.4	34.5
Hong Kong SAR, China	25.2	11.8	2.8	..	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	..
Macao SAR, China	66.7	0.6	2.1	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	..
Colombia	19.0	11.9	3.5	0.0	6.3	0.5	0.2	0.2	3.3
Comoros	10.9	12.6	3.6	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	-2.2
Congo, Dem. Rep.	11.4	6.6	2.1	14.6	1.2	16.0	0.2	1.6	-26.6
Congo, Rep.	..	25.7	2.5	0.0	39.2	0.0	0.2	1.0	..
Costa Rica	14.8	5.8	7.1	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	14.7
Cote d'Ivoire	16.6	1.2	4.6	0.0	3.1	0.9	0.3	1.4	13.0
Croatia	19.6	18.4	4.2	1.1	0.5	0.0	0.4	0.4	3.0
Cuba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	0.1	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	9.1	14.3	5.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.3
Czech Republic	25.9	23.3	4.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.6	0.3	5.7
Denmark	25.0	17.3	8.1	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	14.5
Djibouti	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominica	0.5	3.7	5.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Dominican Republic	19.4	5.2	2.5	0.1	0.0	1.3	0.4	0.2	14.6
Ecuador	28.2	12.6	3.9	0.6	7.2	0.0	0.4	0.1	11.2
Egypt, Arab Rep.	12.3	6.7	4.4	0.8	5.4	0.2	0.8	0.4	2.3
El Salvador	9.2	8.9	3.2	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.5
Equatorial Guinea	..	8.4	1.0	0.0	67.2	0.1	0.9	2.4	..
Eritrea	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	0.9	..
Estonia	29.8	15.8	4.4	0.6	0.2	0.0	0.8	0.2	16.5
Ethiopia	31.2	5.4	2.9	10.6	0.0	0.6	0.2	0.8	14.5
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Fiji	..	10.4	4.4	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.3	0.9	..
Finland	19.0	19.0	6.8	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	6.3
France	19.7	17.8	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	6.6
French Polynesia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gabon	..	16.7	3.1	0.0	26.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	..
Gambia, The	28.5	14.9	2.7	7.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	1.0	8.3
Georgia	20.2	10.4	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.7	9.4
Germany	26.3	17.4	4.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	13.3
Ghana	19.3	5.0	5.8	7.4	5.6	4.6	0.3	0.7	1.6
Greece	10.7	18.9	3.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.3	-5.8
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	-6.4	16.4	3.8	..	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
Guam	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guatemala	11.9	7.0	2.8	4.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.5	2.6
Guinea	-18.4	10.2	3.1	12.5	0.0	6.8	0.5	1.4	-47.8
Guinea-Bissau	3.8	9.3	1.2	12.3	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.6	-19.3
Guyana	3.4	3.9	2.9	0.0	0.0	10.8	0.7	0.2	-10.4
Haiti	23.1	3.9	1.5	3.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.7	16.6
Honduras	15.9	6.3	6.3	4.0	0.0	0.4	0.5	0.6	10.4
Hungary	25.4	17.9	4.5	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.6	10.9
Iceland	20.5	16.8	7.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	11.2
India	31.6	10.5	3.1	1.6	1.0	0.3	1.3	1.0	19.0
Indonesia	32.4	5.1	3.1	0.0	2.1	0.5	0.8	0.6	26.3
Iran, Islamic Rep.	..	10.1	3.2	0.0	12.1	0.6	1.1	0.2	..
Iraq	26.9	12.2	4.6	0.0	18.5	0.0	0.7	0.4	-2.6
Ireland	27.6	17.9	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	16.1
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	23.9	13.5	5.4	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.1	15.3
Italy	18.3	18.3	3.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	3.5
Jamaica	14.5	8.0	6.1	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.6	0.2	10.9
Japan	21.5	21.0	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	3.4
Jordan	21.4	8.4	4.2	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.7	0.3	15.7
Kazakhstan	29.3	13.6	3.1	0.0	11.8	1.9	1.6	0.6	3.0
Kenya	9.6	6.4	4.9	2.7	0.0	0.1	0.3	1.2	4.0
Kiribati	..	4.5	6.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Rep.	34.7	19.4	4.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.1	18.7
Kosovo	17.7	11.5	..	..	0.1	0.9	..	..	..
Kuwait	44.8	6.3	3.2	0.0	22.3	0.0	0.6	0.1	18.7
Kyrgyz Republic	10.2	14.4	6.4	0.0	0.4	5.7	1.1	1.0	-5.8
Lao PDR	17.7	10.9	1.1	7.2	0.0	5.1	0.1	1.1	-4.1
Latvia	21.0	23.6	4.3	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.4	0.2
Lebanon	4.1	13.1	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.2	-7.7
Lesotho	30.3	5.0	9.7	4.6	0.0	0.0	1.0	1.3	29.2
Liberia	5.2	7.5	3.7	26.6	0.0	0.8	0.7	1.2	-27.9
Libya	..	8.3	2.1	0.3	15.9	0.0	1.3	0.3	..
Liechtenstein	..	17.6	3.1	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Lithuania	19.6	14.0	15.5	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.4	20.1
Luxembourg	28.9	19.8	3.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	12.5
Macedonia, FYR	30.1	16.4	3.5	0.2	0.0	2.0	0.9	0.6	13.5
Madagascar	5.6	9.2	2.1	2.8	0.0	1.5	0.3	0.9	-5.3
Malawi	15.9	9.0	6.9	10.8	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.9	1.8
Malaysia	30.3	17.8	6.1	0.0	5.4	0.1	0.8	0.2	12.0
Maldives	..	11.4	5.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	..
Mali	31.4	5.7	4.4	2.9	0.0	7.7	0.1	1.9	14.8
Malta	..	15.5	7.2	..	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	..
Marshall Islands	..	7.1	6.5	..	0.0	0.0	0.5	..	..
Mauritania	19.0	16.0	2.9	2.1	2.8	15.8	0.6	1.8	-17.0
Mauritius	7.8	9.3	4.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.2	2.7
Mexico	20.1	11.7	5.0	0.2	4.4	0.4	0.4	0.1	7.9
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	7.0	23.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
Moldova	17.5	8.2	6.1	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.8	13.8
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	25.6	6.1	4.2	0.0	4.3	7.8	2.4	1.1	8.2
Montenegro	4.9	12.0	..	..	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.5	..
Morocco	26.5	13.2	5.2	0.1	0.0	0.9	0.6	0.3	16.6
Mozambique	15.6	9.9	5.4	0.0	1.8	0.0	0.3	0.6	8.5
Myanmar	..	2.9	0.7	0.9	2.9	0.2	..	..	..
Namibia	19.7	9.0	8.3	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.3	0.9	16.9
Nepal	40.6	5.6	4.2	5.8	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.6	32.7
Netherlands	28.6	16.4	5.5	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.2	16.9
New Caledonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
New Zealand	22.1	14.5	7.4	0.0	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.1	13.8
Nicaragua	19.9	4.2	4.1	5.6	0.0	1.9	0.5	0.2	11.7
Niger	21.8	3.4	5.2	8.5	4.7	0.4	0.2	2.2	5.7
Nigeria	22.9	4.8	0.9	0.8	5.8	0.0	0.2	1.2	11.0
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	37.0	15.7	6.8	0.0	7.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	21.0
Oman	24.4	13.1	4.7	0.0	34.9	0.0	1.1	0.1	-20.1
Pakistan	21.6	4.8	1.8	1.2	1.5	0.0	0.8	1.2	14.1
Palau	..	11.0	..	..	0.0	0.0	1.1	..	..
Panama	27.2	5.3	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.0	24.3
Papua New Guinea	..	8.2	6.9	0.0	4.3	10.7	0.4	0.4	..
Paraguay	17.9	6.9	4.9	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	10.0
Peru	23.3	7.9	3.1	0.0	1.0	3.8	0.3	0.1	13.3
Philippines	38.2	8.9	1.8	0.2	0.2	1.3	0.3	0.5	28.7
Poland	18.8	11.9	4.8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.7	0.4	10.0
Portugal	15.1	17.4	5.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	2.4
Puerto Rico	..	13.8	8.2	..	0.0	0.0	..	0.0	..
Qatar	61.0	18.8	1.8	0.0	13.8	0.0	0.5	0.0	29.6
Romania	22.7	2.1	2.8	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.5	0.5	21.6
Russian Federation	24.3	4.9	3.5	0.0	8.8	0.6	1.1	0.6	11.9
Rwanda	15.8	8.6	4.3	5.6	0.0	0.1	0.1	1.0	4.8
Samoa	..	10.5	4.2	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	..	8.9	3.5	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
Saudi Arabia	43.4	9.2	7.2	0.0	20.4	0.0	0.8	0.2	20.0
Senegal	..	10.5	5.2	0.0	0.0	1.1	0.6	0.6	..
Serbia	11.1	16.1	4.5	..	1.3	0.3	1.2	0.6	..
Seychelles	17.4	12.2	3.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.5	..	..
Sierra Leone	..	8.2	2.6	7.6	0.0	0.1	0.3	2.2	..
Singapore	48.2	13.8	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	36.9
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	20.4	21.6	3.7	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.3	1.3
Slovenia	26.8	20.4	5.4	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	10.8
Solomon Islands	..	9.1	9.9	30.8	0.0	5.2	0.2	1.3	..
Somalia	..	..	1.0	8.6	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
South Africa	15.3	14.1	6.0	0.0	0.9	2.1	1.6	0.6	2.1
South Sudan	..	..	..	..	16.1	0.0	..	..	..
Spain	20.8	17.9	4.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	6.6
Sri Lanka	..	6.1	1.4	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	..
St. Kitts and Nevis	24.4	16.0	3.3	..	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
St. Lucia	11.9	6.3	4.8	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	..	..
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	-4.7	5.9	5.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4	..	..
Sudan	10.2	1.9	2.2	0.5	2.2	0.8	0.3	0.7	6.1
Suriname	..	18.7	3.4	0.0	5.2	4.6	0.4	0.3	..
Swaziland	..	14.2	9.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	2.4	..
Sweden	28.2	16.1	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	18.8
Switzerland	31.7	21.1	4.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	15.0
Syrian Arab Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tajikistan	17.3	4.0	3.7	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.4	0.6	14.3
Tanzania	20.7	6.5	3.7	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.2	0.6	15.1
Thailand	29.0	17.2	4.9	0.9	2.5	0.0	0.9	0.3	12.0
Timor-Leste	59.1	2.4	2.1	..	..	0.0	0.1	0.3	..
Togo	-6.9	5.7	5.3	6.7	0.0	1.1	0.6	2.1	-19.5
Tonga	28.7	8.6	2.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	..	10.1	2.9	0.0	13.4	0.0	1.9	0.1	..
Tunisia	12.8	16.6	5.9	0.9	2.6	0.3	0.6	0.3	-2.7
Turkey	14.9	5.8	2.6	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.3	10.8
Turkmenistan	..	14.4	2.3	..	15.5	0.0	2.0	0.9	..
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	5.8	..	..	0.0	0.0	..	..	..
Uganda	19.5	5.9	2.0	11.5	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.8	3.1
Ukraine	10.1	13.4	6.6	0.0	1.5	1.7	2.2	0.7	-2.7
United Arab Emirates	..	13.3	..	0.0	9.2	0.0	0.5	0.1	..
United Kingdom	12.6	13.5	5.4	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.1	3.6
United States	18.0	15.5	5.1	0.0	0.6	0.1	0.3	0.2	6.4
Uruguay	16.8	10.2	4.4	2.5	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0	8.1
Uzbekistan	..	4.0	9.4	0.0	5.3	3.7	2.3	0.6	..
Vanuatu	28.9	8.9	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	..	..
Venezuela, RB	26.3	6.1	6.5	0.0	11.4	0.2	0.5	0.1	14.5
Vietnam	31.9	16.6	5.4	0.7	3.1	0.2	1.2	0.4	15.0
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
West Bank and Gaza	7.0	8.0	..	..	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.6	..
Yemen, Rep.	..	6.4	3.6	0.0	8.1	0.0	0.7	0.0	..
Zambia	..	16.7	1.1	0.0	0.0	8.9	0.2	0.8	..
Zimbabwe	..	0.3	1.9	0.0	0.4	3.4	0.9	0.8	..
World	25.8	14.6	4.2	0.2	1.4	0.4	0.5	0.2	12.7
East Asia & Pacific	37.9	15.3	2.8	0.1	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.2	22.7
Europe & Central Asia	21.9	15.3	4.8	0.0	1.3	0.1	0.3	0.2	9.5
Latin America & Caribbean	18.3	11.1	4.9	0.3	2.6	1.0	0.3	0.2	7.7
Middle East & North Africa	37.7	10.5	4.7	0.1	14.0	0.2	0.7	0.2	16.2
North America	18.4	15.6	5.0	0.0	0.7	0.1	0.3	0.2	6.5
South Asia	30.7	9.6	2.8	1.6	1.0	0.2	1.1	1.0	18.9
Sub-Saharan Africa	18.8	8.0	3.2	1.9	3.8	1.5	0.5	1.0	5.4
Low income	18.4	6.8	3.2	5.9	1.2	2.4	0.3	1.2	3.6
Lower middle income	27.8	8.4	3.1	1.0	2.1	0.6	0.9	0.8	17.0
Upper middle income	36.0	11.5	3.1	0.1	3.0	0.8	0.9	0.3	22.5
High income	21.5	16.8	4.8	0.0	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.2	8.3

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