World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, male		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
2000	2017	2000	2017	2000	2017	2000	2017	2000-02	2014-17

Afghanistan	60.9	64.9	51.4	55.5	89.0	86.1	96.6	95.7	17.0	-2.5
Albania	51.6	48.5	38.4	21.4	57.7	55.6	63.8	55.3	5.7	-0.2
Algeria	30.6	36.4	17.9	18.2	30.2	27.3	36.4	24.4	-0.9	2.3
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	59.9	72.2	27.2	47.6	45.9	53.8	76.0	80.7	5.7	-2.7
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	53.0	55.6	31.7	29.4	24.4	23.3	20.6	19.0	-6.0	0.0
Armenia	50.1	48.2	25.4	22.1	44.3	40.8	53.0	40.1	10.5	4.5
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	59.4	61.5	61.7	58.2	14.9	12.8	9.2	8.3	1.4	0.7
Austria	55.8	57.0	52.8	50.5	7.8	8.2	9.4	7.2	0.6	1.3
Azerbaijan	55.7	63.2	35.5	36.4	55.7	48.7	69.0	62.2	6.6	-2.3
Bahamas, The	69.5	65.3	45.4	41.0	12.5	12.9	7.8	6.5	0.6	-1.5
Bahrain	65.1	71.7	39.9	43.4	2.0	1.1	0.4	0.9	-3.7	-1.3
Bangladesh	55.3	56.1	43.3	36.8	62.3	50.9	80.0	68.2	2.0	3.6
Barbados	62.4	59.7	46.3	32.7	16.6	20.4	7.8	11.2	-1.0	-0.3
Belarus	52.0	60.4	35.0	42.3	4.9	4.7	1.9	2.3	3.5	-0.9
Belgium	48.8	49.6	30.3	22.8	11.5	11.9	11.5	8.2	2.1	0.5
Belize	54.6	60.9	40.4	40.6	26.9	26.1	21.1	29.0	0.3	-2.4
Benin	71.6	69.6	59.6	41.1	86.3	82.0	95.9	94.4	1.9	0.5
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	65.0	65.3	41.4	29.1	71.4	63.7	83.8	84.3	3.0	3.6
Bolivia	68.0	65.7	48.7	39.7	60.7	54.4	73.6	64.1	-0.9	4.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36.5	37.3	13.7	17.4	23.0	18.3	25.3	21.1	5.7	0.3
Botswana	49.6	59.3	26.1	28.8	27.4	22.9	32.6	28.7	2.8	-1.0
Brazil	57.8	55.9	48.9	39.6	33.8	30.8	30.8	23.2	-0.9	-1.2
Brunei Darussalam	64.2	59.3	39.8	27.5	4.5	5.8	4.0	6.5	1.0	-1.3
Bulgaria	41.8	52.0	20.5	23.4	16.1	9.5	11.6	6.8	4.9	1.7
Burkina Faso	75.6	62.8	69.9	47.9	90.9	83.8	96.2	90.2	3.4	1.9
Burundi	81.9	77.8	66.3	51.3	92.0	92.0	97.2	97.1	-0.2	-4.6
Cabo Verde	56.2	60.4	44.8	37.0	39.1	27.0	50.5	31.1	0.0	0.6
Cambodia	76.7	80.1	63.4	69.7	81.0	45.4	87.9	57.3	0.0	5.2
Cameroon	75.8	73.8	61.1	53.0	67.7	65.3	90.5	83.7	1.0	1.3
Canada	60.8	61.3	56.2	56.5	11.9	12.1	9.1	9.3	0.7	0.8
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	67.1	67.5	45.6	47.9	90.3	90.7	97.3	97.2	2.2	3.2
Chad	71.2	69.7	56.7	53.5	90.7	88.4	99.1	98.8	6.0	-5.7
Channel Islands	54.7	53.5	42.9	41.5	12.4	12.0	9.0	7.9	1.2	1.4
Chile	50.7	58.0	29.9	28.3	29.8	23.5	23.1	25.2	2.2	0.5
China	74.7	66.2	63.8	42.2	54.1	41.9	63.7	47.6	8.1	6.5
Hong Kong SAR, China	58.2	58.6	41.6	37.4	7.3	7.6	3.4	4.1	0.7	2.1
Macao SAR, China	60.9	69.5	38.6	43.6	9.5	4.4	7.2	2.0	2.8	-6.4
Colombia	54.4	63.8	36.2	43.5	46.5	47.4	46.2	46.5	-3.3	1.2
Comoros	39.7	42.3	15.5	13.4	56.2	55.0	79.4	78.3	-0.7	-1.3
Congo, Dem. Rep.	69.5	61.2	42.6	33.1	81.3	69.8	95.3	90.4	-2.3	0.9
Congo, Rep.	54.2	62.3	25.8	33.7	64.4	63.6	91.6	91.3	1.4	-3.9
Costa Rica	56.4	55.1	45.1	34.2	24.9	21.2	20.5	18.6	-0.2	3.3
Cote d'Ivoire	62.5	55.9	46.6	34.0	71.1	64.2	89.8	84.9	-1.5	5.4
Croatia	45.0	46.1	24.7	25.9	18.7	8.3	18.9	6.7	4.9	1.2
Cuba	49.3	52.5	31.6	35.1	9.5	8.9	4.1	6.6	1.0	1.5
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	57.8	55.4	39.2	28.4	20.2	12.7	14.9	9.3	-0.7	0.7
Czech Republic	54.9	58.7	37.0	29.7	13.2	16.1	7.7	11.3	1.4	2.4
Denmark	62.8	58.5	67.2	56.2	5.5	6.3	4.3	3.8	0.1	1.0
Djibouti	54.1	55.9	44.9	36.2	44.8	40.8	60.5	56.6	-0.3	3.8
Dominica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	53.0	60.2	36.9	38.5	45.6	48.2	28.0	28.6	1.3	2.2
Ecuador	64.3	66.5	47.8	42.9	34.1	39.0	52.8	56.8	2.3	-3.8
Egypt, Arab Rep.	42.0	42.4	23.9	21.1	19.4	18.1	38.4	35.0	1.7	3.3
El Salvador	57.2	58.2	42.2	41.5	31.5	30.3	47.8	44.9	0.3	0.6
Equatorial Guinea	54.1	56.4	27.9	25.7	55.6	47.5	77.4	69.6	28.9	-11.0
Eritrea	74.1	75.3	65.2	62.6	74.1	70.8	89.1	87.1	1.3	1.3
Estonia	51.1	60.0	30.2	40.4	5.8	7.0	4.4	4.0	5.9	1.3
Eswatini	36.8	40.9	20.1	19.2	17.0	27.6	32.8	40.9	2.0	-2.6
Ethiopia	77.6	78.8	71.1	70.4	87.6	83.4	91.9	89.7	1.2	5.6
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	55.0	54.9	36.6	33.6	38.5	41.1	38.9	49.2	1.0	2.4
Finland	54.2	53.7	35.2	42.7	11.5	11.2	6.6	7.1	1.0	1.3
France	49.9	50.1	29.0	29.4	7.8	8.5	6.2	6.3	0.1	0.8
French Polynesia	52.0	48.2	26.7	25.2	17.5	13.4	13.4	9.8	1.2	1.3
Gabon	37.7	41.8	13.0	11.7	32.5	27.2	54.8	39.4	-2.6	-1.2
Gambia, The	51.5	54.1	35.1	35.8	67.8	64.4	85.4	83.2	-2.1	-0.3
Georgia	56.6	58.1	28.3	27.6	58.5	49.2	62.1	50.1	6.1	4.0
Germany	53.5	58.4	46.8	46.8	6.3	6.4	5.2	5.2	1.0	1.1
Ghana	66.9	63.0	45.1	36.3	70.2	60.7	85.6	78.4	1.1	2.9
Greece	47.4	41.7	29.0	14.5	33.3	28.4	35.2	24.4	3.4	-1.8
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	59.0	61.6	40.1	49.6	13.8	13.3	10.6	9.6	-0.5	0.6
Guatemala	60.4	60.6	53.5	50.9	42.0	29.3	55.7	45.1	0.0	0.0
Guinea	62.5	62.3	45.0	43.0	86.3	84.0	96.8	96.1	2.7	5.6
Guinea-Bissau	68.8	69.9	52.3	48.5	73.0	71.0	88.1	86.9	-1.8	3.0
Guyana	50.4	50.4	37.1	37.2	57.4	53.4	68.3	64.3	2.7	1.5
Haiti	58.1	58.6	27.2	25.0	84.2	82.8	88.8	87.6	-1.8	-1.1
Honduras	63.4	62.6	54.8	47.9	36.6	34.1	51.2	52.9	0.9	1.1
Hungary	45.8	53.9	32.4	29.3	12.3	6.0	7.5	5.4	3.7	0.5
Iceland	76.8	74.5	73.4	75.6	13.6	9.9	7.2	5.8	2.4	3.3
India	55.9	50.7	41.1	27.5	81.4	76.2	90.5	80.7	1.8	5.3
Indonesia	63.2	64.4	43.0	40.5	61.4	42.1	70.6	56.6	4.2	3.3
Iran, Islamic Rep.	39.0	38.9	25.4	19.8	41.6	41.2	46.9	42.6	-0.8	2.6
Iraq	38.4	39.1	29.3	24.8	26.5	24.3	33.6	35.1	-5.4	1.5
Ireland	59.8	57.7	61.6	39.9	17.8	15.4	6.4	5.5	3.7	9.4
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	54.4	61.4	48.6	45.4	8.7	9.1	5.2	7.4	-0.2	1.3
Italy	42.6	43.6	26.0	17.0	22.2	19.7	17.9	13.3	-1.1	0.1
Jamaica	56.3	59.1	28.3	28.7	41.3	39.9	33.0	30.6	0.0	-1.6
Japan	59.6	59.2	42.3	42.5	11.9	8.7	17.3	8.1	1.1	0.6
Jordan	36.3	33.5	19.8	15.1	10.8	9.9	2.0	1.7	4.6	-0.5
Kazakhstan	61.9	67.5	42.4	44.0	36.1	26.4	44.6	25.1	8.4	1.5
Kenya	63.8	60.2	39.2	29.2	45.6	40.0	72.9	68.5	0.7	1.9
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.	78.9	78.0	69.8	70.2	59.9	56.8	78.0	76.1	1.9	0.4
Korea, Rep.	58.4	60.6	31.2	28.4	32.6	24.9	37.7	22.0	3.5	1.9
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	69.1	72.6	24.7	23.5	2.8	1.5	0.3	0.0	-0.8	-2.8
Kyrgyz Republic	59.4	57.4	41.9	35.6	51.7	37.9	50.1	27.9	3.5	3.2
Lao PDR	78.4	77.6	67.7	59.3	83.5	74.7	93.1	86.3	3.3	4.8
Latvia	48.1	55.9	30.2	34.6	10.4	8.7	11.1	7.3	5.1	2.7
Lebanon	40.7	44.3	24.0	24.8	36.7	31.5	14.1	15.3	-1.6	-2.0
Lesotho	47.0	51.0	31.9	30.0	65.6	61.4	53.4	47.2	0.6	1.2
Liberia	53.7	55.0	30.3	28.9	71.0	67.9	90.0	88.4	0.3	-2.7
Libya	38.1	43.4	17.5	19.5	6.2	6.1	4.6	4.4	-6.2	2.9
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	50.5	56.6	26.6	31.4	20.4	11.2	15.6	8.0	6.4	1.3
Luxembourg	52.1	55.0	31.8	26.0	6.5	6.0	6.4	6.6	1.9	1.4
Madagascar	81.5	84.9	67.7	73.2	80.9	81.2	86.6	89.8	-7.5	0.9
Malawi	70.9	73.0	48.3	58.8	56.0	54.1	67.3	65.8	-4.3	-0.5
Malaysia	59.8	62.2	39.2	37.7	22.8	20.2	22.7	24.8	0.4	2.9
Maldives	53.2	61.3	37.2	44.0	23.2	14.7	51.6	32.5	-4.9	4.4
Mali	66.2	64.3	53.9	45.1	85.1	85.8	94.0	95.2	6.6	3.6
Malta	47.0	52.3	52.9	45.4	10.2	12.4	4.0	5.9	1.0	5.3
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	44.8	41.5	35.4	21.3	52.5	46.3	73.8	68.6	-0.7	-1.0
Mauritius	53.5	54.5	36.2	32.1	20.6	18.2	12.5	13.2	0.8	2.9
Mexico	58.8	59.0	50.3	41.6	31.0	25.5	33.5	29.3	-1.5	0.4
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	46.9	40.6	19.3	17.1	35.0	38.8	37.7	30.0	5.7	2.2
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	56.6	56.1	36.2	24.3	58.1	52.0	55.1	45.8	1.3	2.8
Montenegro	35.8	42.7	15.5	19.3	14.7	16.1	10.0	9.9	1.8	2.2
Morocco	43.7	41.3	31.9	21.1	52.5	44.8	69.5	63.4	2.3	3.3
Mozambique	83.0	76.2	67.4	58.6	78.5	73.1	95.8	92.9	7.6	1.7
Myanmar	71.1	61.3	75.7	49.4	66.9	59.3	71.3	61.8	10.1	6.8
Namibia	45.0	46.5	18.6	20.0	20.7	18.6	42.1	32.0	1.4	1.7
Nepal	84.2	82.0	78.9	72.4	73.9	68.1	92.9	90.4	0.7	1.3
Netherlands	61.1	60.5	68.4	62.3	8.2	14.4	7.7	10.9	-0.6	1.3
New Caledonia	54.9	54.1	27.3	29.7	14.6	14.6	9.7	11.0	1.1	1.1
New Zealand	60.7	66.8	54.2	55.1	16.5	13.7	10.1	10.9	1.2	1.3
Nicaragua	57.2	63.7	45.8	46.4	46.0	35.0	47.2	46.9	-1.0	2.4
Niger	78.2	78.5	66.0	70.9	88.4	87.5	91.9	91.3	2.0	0.8
Nigeria	52.9	51.9	33.3	18.8	77.1	72.9	87.2	85.2	1.6	-1.7
North Macedonia	36.1	42.8	16.1	17.4	20.7	20.7	22.5	17.0	-2.2	-0.1
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	64.6	60.9	58.6	48.3	7.5	6.0	3.8	3.3	1.4	1.3
Oman	52.4	68.8	32.8	38.5	9.8	2.4	9.4	3.6	-1.0	-3.8
Pakistan	50.6	51.5	40.8	39.2	63.1	55.4	66.4	75.3	-0.2	2.8
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	60.3	63.9	46.1	41.2	36.5	33.7	19.3	30.5	-1.3	2.7
Papua New Guinea	69.9	45.9	56.3	34.2	72.1	69.8	88.5	87.3	0.1	0.7
Paraguay	62.9	67.3	52.6	50.5	53.2	35.8	54.7	42.8	-3.4	0.1
Peru	63.8	74.4	48.2	56.1	48.3	45.3	64.3	58.2	-2.6	1.8
Philippines	60.1	58.2	40.8	35.5	43.2	31.6	46.6	38.2	0.8	5.7
Poland	47.1	54.3	23.2	30.1	24.4	18.6	22.3	13.6	3.7	2.1
Portugal	58.5	53.8	41.1	26.2	18.9	14.6	21.0	9.7	0.1	0.2
Puerto Rico	41.7	36.9	27.9	17.8	14.6	17.4	6.2	6.7	3.6	-3.2
Qatar	75.9	86.8	43.2	65.8	0.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.4	-1.1
Romania	59.8	52.2	35.2	24.8	42.4	26.3	48.0	23.9	11.7	4.7
Russian Federation	54.8	59.2	34.6	29.1	7.4	5.9	8.1	4.6	3.5	0.1
Rwanda	85.0	83.1	75.4	62.8	86.3	58.7	94.8	78.3	6.8	3.8
Samoa	32.5	28.8	22.1	18.5	30.9	30.5	32.3	31.8	5.3	3.0
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	48.4	51.8	33.5	30.5	47.2	43.1	59.6	55.3	1.8	0.8
Saudi Arabia	47.6	52.9	14.9	14.1	5.9	3.3	2.1	1.2	-5.3	-2.0
Senegal	48.3	43.4	38.1	26.7	75.1	60.3	86.2	73.1	-0.3	3.3
Serbia	49.1	47.1	30.5	20.3	30.7	29.6	30.9	24.3	7.4	-1.5
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	62.0	55.7	38.4	26.3	83.6	80.7	92.9	91.9	4.4	-7.4
Singapore	62.3	65.8	39.8	36.3	11.5	12.3	7.0	6.7	-0.1	0.7
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	48.4	55.1	28.4	27.1	7.6	14.9	2.8	8.6	2.8	1.2
Slovenia	53.4	54.6	31.3	34.4	13.4	12.0	11.2	9.3	1.8	1.8
Solomon Islands	70.4	70.2	59.1	57.1	79.2	76.8	86.9	85.0	-9.1	0.4
Somalia	40.4	39.9	23.4	24.6	78.2	75.2	90.1	88.2	3.2	-0.1
South Africa	39.1	40.4	14.1	12.4	7.2	9.5	15.8	10.2	3.6	-0.8
South Sudan	64.1	63.8	52.4	49.8	76.9	81.3	91.6	93.0	0.5	-10.0
Spain	45.5	47.7	32.4	20.6	15.1	13.5	13.3	8.8	-0.5	0.7
Sri Lanka	52.5	50.5	33.5	20.4	40.3	37.1	43.9	43.5	0.8	4.2
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	53.2	53.4	37.8	29.2	31.4	32.2	25.0	25.8	-1.7	-0.2
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	51.6	54.9	33.2	31.6	21.0	19.8	16.5	15.4	2.1	1.0
Sudan	41.9	41.2	23.0	20.7	42.3	38.6	49.3	45.0	3.9	1.4
Suriname	43.9	47.7	19.1	22.7	18.6	13.3	10.6	9.9	1.6	-3.4
Sweden	59.0	60.0	47.4	45.8	9.9	8.0	4.1	4.3	0.9	2.1
Switzerland	65.6	65.1	65.0	63.3	11.5	8.7	7.4	9.5	-0.2	0.1
Syrian Arab Republic	45.5	38.2	32.4	23.7	40.3	36.9	51.5	17.5	4.0	-3.3
Tajikistan	36.1	38.9	17.5	22.4	52.3	48.7	41.1	38.4	6.4	3.9
Tanzania	84.2	81.7	74.7	69.6	82.9	77.9	92.9	88.4	3.5	3.4
Thailand	71.7	67.4	49.4	39.6	55.1	46.3	59.3	49.4	2.7	3.6
Timor-Leste	56.4	38.0	41.7	12.2	75.1	67.4	84.0	79.4	0.7	1.5
Togo	78.7	76.5	65.2	61.6	71.8	69.9	86.6	85.4	-4.4	2.5
Tonga	56.6	58.9	34.5	36.3	52.5	50.7	59.4	57.9	2.5	2.1
Trinidad and Tobago	59.0	59.2	47.5	38.1	18.3	22.0	16.8	12.9	4.2	-1.6
Tunisia	40.1	39.5	24.7	21.2	23.7	22.4	20.7	15.4	1.2	0.9
Turkey	45.6	46.9	37.6	35.1	39.6	25.0	63.9	35.0	0.6	2.2
Turkmenistan	55.7	62.8	35.7	43.6	29.0	25.2	25.4	21.7	-1.1	4.6
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	68.0	69.7	52.6	52.3	79.2	68.5	93.1	82.8	3.7	0.7
Ukraine	50.3	49.1	32.0	27.6	16.7	16.6	18.1	12.9	7.4	-0.9
United Arab Emirates	74.2	81.3	44.9	47.6	1.7	0.7	0.5	1.0	-5.4	2.1
United Kingdom	58.0	59.6	55.9	50.2	11.5	16.0	6.2	9.6	1.8	0.8
United States	63.8	59.6	56.9	47.4	4.9	4.1	4.0	3.4	1.7	0.6
Uruguay	54.4	59.1	38.7	37.1	25.5	25.9	20.1	21.6	-6.5	2.0
Uzbekistan	55.3	62.2	35.3	43.1	46.6	39.6	48.4	41.4	0.1	4.9
Vanuatu	65.0	66.7	48.8	49.7	68.5	67.4	76.2	75.3	-7.9	-0.3
Venezuela, RB	55.3	57.6	36.0	32.5	35.0	32.3	40.0	33.5	-4.0	-9.3
Vietnam	74.7	76.0	62.6	54.8	77.6	49.5	84.4	61.2	3.6	5.6
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	58.7	54.6	32.6	25.3	12.1	11.9	8.9	8.5	0.4	1.6
West Bank and Gaza	36.4	32.7	24.4	18.4	27.1	22.8	43.9	24.2	9.2	1.1
Yemen, Rep.	40.7	33.5	29.6	20.9	37.5	43.8	58.4	66.2	2.0	-39.1
Zambia	69.1	69.8	53.4	46.6	72.9	68.8	90.3	88.0	3.2	-0.2
Zimbabwe	74.8	79.3	64.5	67.4	46.1	56.2	77.0	75.5	-6.7	-0.9
World	61.1	58.5	46.5	37.3	50.1	44.7	53.8	46.0	1.2	2.1
East Asia & Pacific	70.8	65.4	57.4	42.6	51.5	39.5	60.7	45.8	3.8	4.5
Europe & Central Asia	51.8	54.1	36.2	34.4	17.8	15.8	16.7	12.7	1.6	1.1
Latin America & Caribbean	57.3	59.0	44.9	40.1	35.1	32.5	36.5	32.9	-1.9	-0.6
Middle East & North Africa	41.4	43.2	25.6	21.9	28.4	23.9	37.6	28.6	-1.2	1.0
North America	63.5	59.8	56.8	48.3	5.6	4.9	4.5	4.0	1.6	0.6
South Asia	55.8	52.0	42.0	31.1	77.3	71.3	87.8	79.0	1.5	4.8
Sub-Saharan Africa	63.5	63.1	46.5	42.0	71.0	67.5	84.8	81.9	1.3	-0.4
Low income	70.6	68.7	56.9	53.2	76.7	73.3	89.8	87.3	1.5	-0.8
Lower middle income	56.9	54.3	41.6	31.8	69.5	61.4	77.0	67.4	2.0	3.8
Upper middle income	65.7	61.2	51.2	38.0	45.6	36.2	54.2	40.1	3.4	3.7
High income	56.5	57.2	43.0	39.7	12.2	10.6	10.8	8.3	1.0	0.7

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