World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Unpaid family workers and own-account workers, male		Unpaid family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
1991	2011	1991	2011	1990-1992	2008-11	1990-1992	2008-11	1990-92	2009-11

Afghanistan	45	44	33	30	..	..	..	..	..	..
Albania	56	47	48	26	..	..	..	..	-18.2	1.8
Algeria	34	39	21	22	..	31	..	24	-4.3	0.6
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	66	65	47	46	..	..	..	..	-5.7	-0.1
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	15	..	14	..	..	..
Argentina	55	56	48	34	24	20	25	16	7.6	4.2
Armenia	54	51	34	23	..	30	..	29	-26.8	2.0
Aruba	..	..	..	..	5	..	2	..	..	..
Australia	57	62	58	61	13	11	9	7	2.3	0.3
Austria	54	58	61	55	..	9	..	9	1.5	1.1
Azerbaijan	59	62	40	29	..	47	..	62	-12.6	1.3
Bahamas, The	64	64	45	40	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bahrain	61	65	32	33	..	2	..	1	0.3	-2.8
Bangladesh	73	68	64	54	..	..	..	..	2.3	3.9
Barbados	56	63	41	42	15	..	9	..	-1.1	-0.1
Belarus	60	50	41	31	..	3	..	2	-4.0	5.1
Belgium	46	49	32	26	17	12	16	9	1.6	1.1
Belize	53	60	43	45	..	..	..	..	..	..
Benin	72	72	66	56	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	63	70	41	44	..	60	..	83	..	..
Bolivia	64	70	49	51	30	47	52	64	2.6	2.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36	33	16	14	..	25	..	25	-15.5	0.7
Botswana	55	63	35	40	..	..	..	..	..	..
Brazil	60	65	54	54	34	27	38	22	-0.3	2.4
Brunei Darussalam	63	62	41	40	4	..	3	..	..	..
Bulgaria	47	47	30	22	..	10	..	7	3.1	5.7
Burkina Faso	81	81	76	73	..	..	..	..	1.7	2.5
Burundi	83	76	70	57	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cambodia	79	81	69	70	..	64	..	73	5.2	4.7
Cameroon	64	67	43	44	..	67	..	87	-6.7	0.9
Canada	59	62	57	55	..	..	..	..	0.8	1.3
Cape Verde	57	62	55	52	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	72	73	56	55	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chad	67	66	50	49	..	..	..	..	..	..
Channel Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	49	57	31	32	..	25	..	24	6.6	1.4
China	75	68	71	51	..	..	..	..	6.8	9.4
Hong Kong SAR, China	63	57	54	34	..	10	..	5	5.4	4.4
Macao SAR, China	56	69	46	48	..	6	..	3	..	..
Colombia	47	60	35	36	30	48	26	50	-0.7	1.9
Comoros	50	53	35	34	..	..	..	..	..	..
Congo, Dem. Rep.	66	67	40	40	..	..	..	..	-12.9	3.5
Congo, Rep.	62	66	40	39	..	..	..	..	..	..
Costa Rica	55	58	48	40	25	21	20	19	2.4	2.2
Cote d'Ivoire	63	65	50	48	..	..	..	..	-3.9	-3.7
Croatia	51	45	27	19	..	17	..	19	-7.7	3.4
Cuba	53	55	40	40	..	..	..	..	..	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	52	59	37	31	..	16	..	11	-2.3	0.7
Czech Republic	60	54	49	25	..	17	..	11	-5.2	2.6
Denmark	62	59	65	58	7	7	6	4	2.5	2.7
Djibouti	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominica	..	..	..	..	32	..	23	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	52	57	37	38	43	48	35	22	0.8	4.3
Ecuador	58	65	46	46	31	39	43	52	-0.1	4.4
Egypt, Arab Rep.	43	43	22	22	..	18	..	45	2.7	1.2
El Salvador	56	58	46	43	..	32	..	46	..	..
Equatorial Guinea	80	80	67	66	..	..	..	..	..	..
Eritrea	77	78	69	68	..	..	..	..	..	..
Estonia	67	55	51	31	5	6	4	2	-8.0	4.8
Ethiopia	75	79	70	71	..	..	..	..	-10.9	4.5
Faeroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	54	50	42	33	..	40	..	37	..	..
Finland	60	56	49	42	..	12	..	7	1.7	2.5
France	50	51	33	30	10	9	10	6	1.5	1.5
French Polynesia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gabon	50	48	22	17	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gambia, The	71	71	58	56	..	..	..	..	..	..
Georgia	57	55	24	21	..	61	..	61	-26.5	6.3
Germany	56	56	58	48	5	8	6	6	3.3	2.6
Ghana	66	67	41	36	..	69	..	84	1.1	8.3
Greece	46	44	31	17	39	30	43	27	2.1	-2.0
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	14	..	15	..	..	..
Guam	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guatemala	62	65	54	57	..	..	..	..	1.0	0.0
Guinea	69	70	51	52	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guinea-Bissau	64	68	44	48	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guyana	45	48	31	28	..	..	..	..	..	..
Haiti	59	61	33	30	..	..	..	..	..	..
Honduras	57	59	48	45	49	51	45	57	..	..
Hungary	49	45	38	18	8	8	7	5	0.3	0.9
Iceland	73	69	57	59	16	10	9	6	-1.8	-0.8
India	58	54	46	34	..	79	..	85	1.0	5.2
Indonesia	61	63	42	40	..	62	..	67	6.2	3.9
Iran, Islamic Rep.	41	39	29	22	..	40	..	52	6.0	1.6
Iraq	33	36	21	20	..	..	..	..	-33.1	2.3
Ireland	45	52	38	29	24	17	8	5	2.6	3.6
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	46	54	24	27	..	9	..	5	1.7	1.6
Italy	45	44	33	19	15	21	16	15	0.6	1.3
Jamaica	62	55	43	26	46	42	37	30	0.7	0.4
Japan	63	56	43	39	13	10	23	11	0.5	2.6
Jordan	34	37	20	17	..	11	..	3	-4.4	0.9
Kazakhstan	63	68	45	45	..	29	..	32	-15.1	4.8
Kenya	67	61	46	33	..	..	..	..	-3.1	2.1
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. Rep.	79	75	73	57	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Rep.	59	59	36	24	..	23	..	27	5.1	3.4
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	59	67	27	32	..	3	..	1	-25.1	2.6
Kyrgyz Republic	60	61	42	40	..	..	..	..	-13.1	0.6
Lao PDR	80	77	72	62	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	59	49	42	26	..	9	..	7	-19.6	9.3
Lebanon	39	43	24	22	..	38	..	19	..	..
Lesotho	49	50	39	30	..	..	..	..	..	..
Liberia	57	59	34	33	..	69	..	89	..	..
Libya	44	49	25	29	..	..	..	..	..	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	55	51	34	20	..	9	..	8	-13.9	5.4
Luxembourg	51	54	52	21	6	6	8	6	1.7	-0.1
Macedonia, FYR	38	38	18	14	..	24	..	21	-7.6	1.6
Madagascar	84	86	71	75	..	..	..	..	-5.7	-2.2
Malawi	72	77	48	52	..	..	..	..	-1.7	2.3
Malaysia	60	57	46	36	31	21	25	19	6.0	0.6
Maldives	45	59	32	40	44	..	57	..	..	..
Mali	46	61	36	52	..	..	..	..	0.7	1.0
Malta	49	48	59	44	..	12	..	4	5.3	-0.3
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	32	37	19	22	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritius	54	54	42	33	13	16	7	13	..	..
Mexico	57	57	50	42	37	27	36	32	1.0	3.0
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	62	39	43	19	..	33	..	25	-23.1	9.1
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	55	59	38	32	..	57	..	52	..	..
Montenegro	44	39	24	13	..	..	..	..	..	..
Morocco	46	46	40	30	..	47	..	65	-1.5	3.2
Mozambique	77	78	65	58	..	..	..	..	-3.1	4.6
Myanmar	72	75	50	51	..	..	..	..	2.0	7.9
Namibia	46	48	24	20	..	21	..	33	..	..
Nepal	83	81	79	72	..	..	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	53	61	53	63	8	13	9	10	0.4	1.1
New Caledonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
New Zealand	57	64	54	50	16	15	10	9	0.7	-0.4
Nicaragua	56	58	46	42	..	41	..	56	..	..
Niger	54	61	47	53	..	..	..	..	-6.0	1.3
Nigeria	53	52	29	32	..	..	..	..	-2.7	4.7
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	59	63	49	51	..	7	..	3	3.9	0.4
Oman	52	57	28	34	..	..	..	..	-1.1	1.4
Pakistan	48	51	38	42	..	59	..	78	6.4	1.2
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	49	63	33	43	40	33	15	24	..	..
Papua New Guinea	70	71	57	55	..	..	..	..	..	..
Paraguay	68	66	63	53	23	40	27	46	..	..
Peru	57	73	43	57	32	42	46	55	-0.8	4.5
Philippines	60	61	42	41	..	42	..	46	-3.3	2.7
Poland	56	51	34	25	..	20	..	17	1.1	3.3
Portugal	59	54	51	27	18	18	21	14	2.1	1.7
Puerto Rico	38	36	20	16	..	..	..	..	..	..
Qatar	80	86	55	68	..	..	..	..	0.6	5.4
Romania	55	52	47	24	27	31	40	32	-9.2	1.0
Russian Federation	58	59	41	35	1	6	1	5	-7.8	4.0
Rwanda	88	86	80	73	..	..	..	..	..	..
Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	48	..	12	..	..
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	..	..	..	..	26	..	30	..	..	..
Saudi Arabia	50	50	24	13	7	..	2	..	3.2	3.1
Senegal	68	69	59	57	77	..	91	..	-1.6	0.3
Serbia	49	42	28	16	..	28	..	24	..	..
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	62	65	38	42	..	..	..	..	..	..
Singapore	63	66	52	33	10	12	6	7	1.7	5.4
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	59	51	48	20	..	16	..	8	-0.8	3.7
Slovenia	51	53	28	31	..	15	..	11	-2.3	2.9
Solomon Islands	62	64	43	44	..	..	..	..	..	..
Somalia	52	52	42	39	..	..	..	..	..	..
South Africa	41	39	18	13	..	9	..	11	-5.3	3.9
South Sudan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Spain	42	46	35	22	20	13	22	9	1.8	2.1
Sri Lanka	49	52	27	30	..	40	..	46	5.5	6.0
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	..	..	..	..	12	..	12	..	1.3	-0.7
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	..	..	..	..	22	8	17	8	..	..
Sudan	44	46	31	27	..	..	..	..	0.3	-3.9
Suriname	48	48	26	19	..	..	..	..	..	..
Swaziland	43	44	27	26	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sweden	64	59	58	40	..	9	..	4	1.9	3.3
Switzerland	67	65	69	63	7	9	11	10	-1.0	0.9
Syrian Arab Republic	46	40	37	25	..	35	..	16	6.3	-2.1
Tajikistan	59	60	40	38	..	52	..	41	-20.4	9.9
Tanzania	86	86	77	76	86	..	96	..	-2.2	3.8
Thailand	78	72	69	46	63	52	71	56	6.8	2.7
Timor-Leste	57	37	44	12	..	66	..	78	..	..
Togo	70	75	56	58	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tonga	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	45	60	33	42	21	..	20	..	-3.5	-1.0
Tunisia	41	41	29	22	..	31	..	21	2.5	-0.9
Turkey	52	45	48	34	..	27	..	47	1.0	2.4
Turkmenistan	54	54	36	35	..	..	..	..	-13.0	9.6
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	80	74	62	55	..	..	..	..	-0.9	1.9
Ukraine	58	54	36	34	..	17	..	19	-7.9	4.9
United Arab Emirates	71	76	44	49	..	1	..	1	-4.6	-2.8
United Kingdom	58	57	63	47	13	15	6	8	2.0	0.9
United States	61	57	54	41	..	..	..	..	1.7	2.1
Uruguay	54	62	47	46	..	23	..	21	5.2	6.6
Uzbekistan	53	54	35	35	..	..	..	..	-7.7	5.7
Vanuatu	..	..	..	..	..	67	..	75	..	..
Venezuela, RB	55	60	38	35	..	32	..	33	4.5	-1.0
Vietnam	77	75	73	59	..	..	..	..	4.6	3.5
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
West Bank and Gaza	31	32	18	17	..	26	..	34	..	..
Yemen, Rep.	38	40	23	24	..	29	..	40	1.0	-5.5
Zambia	65	69	46	50	61	..	82	..	-2.1	4.8
Zimbabwe	69	83	48	74	..	..	..	..	-4.3	5.5
World	62	60	52	42	..	..	..	..	0.6	3.4
Low income	72	72	59	56	..	..	..	..	-3.5	4.3
Middle income	63	59	52	40	..	..	..	..	2.7	5.7
Lower middle income	58	55	43	36	..	..	..	..	0.4	3.9
Upper middle income	67	63	60	45	..	..	..	..	4.1	6.6
Low & middle income	64	61	53	43	..	..	..	..	2.4	5.5
East Asia & Pacific	73	68	66	49	..	..	..	..	6.7	7.9
Europe & Central Asia	55	51	40	32	..	..	..	..	-5.9	4.1
Latin America & Caribbean	57	62	48	46	..	..	..	..	0.8	2.4
Middle East & North Africa	41	41	26	23	..	..	..	..	1.9	0.6
South Asia	59	55	47	37	..	..	..	..	3.1	4.7
Sub-Saharan Africa	64	65	47	47	..	..	..	..	-5.2	2.2
High income	57	56	45	37	..	..	..	..	0.9	1.9
Euro area	50	51	42	34	..	..	..	..	2.3	1.9

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