World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, male		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
2000	2019	2000	2019	2000	2019	2000	2019	2000-02	2016-19

Afghanistan	42.2	43.5	32.8	33.3	91.9	76.7	98.7	89.5	..	-1.3
Albania	52.1	53.4	40.2	26.8	60.9	51.3	60.2	51.1	7.4	-0.5
Algeria	30.6	37.5	17.9	18.9	30.3	28.4	36.9	23.5	-0.9	0.3
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	74.5	72.1	52.2	47.0	46.6	62.7	76.0	84.7	5.2	-4.5
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	52.6	55.5	31.0	28.5	24.4	24.0	20.6	21.0	-6.1	-1.9
Armenia	47.1	43.0	25.3	22.5	44.7	36.3	54.3	29.2	10.5	8.7
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	59.4	62.5	61.7	59.6	14.9	12.7	9.2	8.2	1.2	0.3
Austria	55.8	58.0	52.8	51.3	7.8	7.7	9.4	6.9	0.6	1.0
Azerbaijan	68.1	63.3	46.2	37.5	57.3	46.6	59.5	62.3	8.7	0.3
Bahamas, The	69.5	68.0	45.7	41.8	8.3	13.9	4.8	4.2	1.4	-0.1
Bahrain	65.2	72.4	40.1	38.2	2.0	1.1	0.4	0.8	-3.9	-3.4
Bangladesh	55.8	56.6	43.3	36.9	63.5	49.0	78.5	65.4	2.2	4.2
Barbados	62.0	58.7	46.2	31.7	16.6	21.2	7.9	11.7	-1.0	-0.1
Belarus	52.0	61.0	35.2	39.9	5.6	4.6	2.5	2.1	3.2	2.5
Belgium	48.8	51.0	30.3	26.5	11.5	12.3	11.5	8.6	2.3	-0.1
Belize	54.4	61.0	39.8	42.2	27.0	30.7	21.1	31.4	-0.3	-1.7
Benin	71.6	69.1	59.6	40.0	84.1	80.6	95.1	93.1	1.9	3.1
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	68.8	65.7	48.2	28.3	73.1	64.4	77.9	83.2	5.7	1.9
Bolivia	68.8	69.6	49.3	46.6	60.7	58.9	73.6	68.9	-0.8	-0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	34.7	40.0	14.1	23.2	25.1	17.3	24.5	22.0	6.3	-0.7
Botswana	49.1	58.4	26.0	28.1	17.4	19.8	23.4	23.6	3.1	0.7
Brazil	57.8	56.8	48.8	41.0	33.7	31.5	30.9	24.1	-0.9	-0.2
Brunei Darussalam	64.2	60.2	39.9	29.9	4.6	4.6	4.0	8.6	1.0	0.0
Bulgaria	41.8	54.3	20.5	22.2	16.0	8.4	11.6	6.0	6.2	1.1
Burkina Faso	75.7	63.4	69.8	47.1	92.0	82.3	97.1	88.4	3.4	2.5
Burundi	82.0	78.1	66.4	52.1	83.0	78.9	82.7	89.8	0.3	-2.1
Cabo Verde	52.7	53.1	39.4	24.9	39.4	23.9	50.8	32.0	0.8	2.6
Cambodia	78.0	81.9	64.7	70.2	82.4	41.1	91.5	53.2	0.5	5.2
Cameroon	76.1	73.6	61.7	51.7	67.6	62.9	90.5	80.8	0.9	0.7
Canada	60.8	61.9	56.2	57.5	11.9	12.2	9.1	9.3	0.6	0.4
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	69.3	68.9	49.7	51.2	90.8	88.8	95.1	96.5	2.0	1.9
Chad	71.6	69.2	57.4	52.8	91.0	86.8	99.3	98.8	6.1	-2.5
Channel Islands	55.7	54.5	45.1	41.0	10.4	10.2	11.0	10.2	..	..
Chile	50.4	57.8	30.2	26.0	29.9	22.8	23.1	23.3	2.2	0.4
China	74.8	65.1	64.0	40.5	61.4	40.8	58.9	44.8	8.1	6.6
Hong Kong SAR, China	58.3	58.1	41.7	38.0	7.3	7.4	3.4	4.0	0.9	1.7
Macao SAR, China	60.9	68.6	38.6	44.3	9.5	4.4	7.2	2.1	2.8	2.6
Colombia	53.9	61.0	36.4	40.7	47.9	45.8	47.3	46.1	-3.2	1.6
Comoros	40.0	42.0	15.8	12.4	55.6	50.1	78.5	68.3	-0.6	0.2
Congo, Dem. Rep.	69.5	61.0	42.6	32.6	83.7	66.9	96.3	88.3	-2.4	1.2
Congo, Rep.	54.5	62.7	26.5	33.0	65.6	64.6	92.3	90.7	1.0	-7.7
Costa Rica	56.5	57.1	45.0	31.6	25.0	24.3	20.5	21.5	-0.3	-0.2
Cote d'Ivoire	62.2	52.0	46.4	27.4	72.7	61.5	93.5	80.4	-1.7	5.0
Croatia	45.0	48.1	24.9	28.4	18.7	8.6	18.9	6.1	6.5	1.3
Cuba	48.8	52.6	31.7	34.6	12.1	29.7	3.9	10.0	..	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	57.8	59.3	39.2	33.3	20.2	13.7	14.9	9.4	-0.4	0.4
Czech Republic	54.9	59.3	37.0	28.0	13.2	16.4	7.7	10.5	1.5	2.5
Denmark	62.8	59.1	67.2	54.9	5.5	6.1	4.3	3.7	0.1	1.2
Djibouti	54.9	53.5	46.3	30.8	36.0	28.5	49.0	41.4	..	4.9
Dominica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	55.7	62.7	39.9	39.6	45.6	45.6	28.0	27.5	2.1	2.2
Ecuador	64.3	65.3	47.8	41.7	34.6	41.6	53.1	58.3	2.3	-1.0
Egypt, Arab Rep.	42.0	40.5	23.9	17.9	19.5	15.4	38.4	27.7	1.8	4.0
El Salvador	57.2	56.8	42.3	39.3	31.7	28.2	45.6	43.4	0.3	1.4
Equatorial Guinea	54.1	57.0	28.0	26.2	83.0	79.6	85.4	79.6	28.9	-10.0
Eritrea	73.4	73.9	66.0	60.7	87.0	85.0	90.2	85.0	..	..
Estonia	51.1	60.7	30.2	39.4	5.9	7.8	4.8	4.9	6.2	3.6
Eswatini	38.3	40.8	14.7	13.5	16.2	27.0	31.6	39.6	2.0	0.0
Ethiopia	77.5	77.7	71.1	67.9	87.7	81.3	92.2	86.5	1.3	4.7
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	55.1	55.2	36.8	32.7	37.8	38.6	37.8	47.8	1.0	2.2
Finland	54.2	55.3	35.2	44.7	11.5	11.6	6.6	7.7	1.0	0.4
France	49.7	50.3	28.7	30.3	7.8	9.1	6.2	6.5	0.0	1.2
French Polynesia	52.1	47.3	27.0	24.6	20.4	14.4	14.2	8.1	..	..
Gabon	38.8	42.5	13.6	11.9	32.5	27.6	54.3	34.9	-2.2	-1.5
Gambia, The	52.8	54.0	35.7	35.7	69.1	62.7	88.3	81.3	-2.1	2.6
Georgia	56.6	56.3	28.5	27.6	58.5	49.8	62.1	45.2	6.4	5.6
Germany	53.5	59.3	46.8	48.4	6.3	5.9	5.2	4.7	0.8	0.5
Ghana	67.0	65.0	45.1	37.5	76.3	58.4	88.6	76.7	0.9	3.8
Greece	47.4	43.2	29.0	15.2	33.3	26.4	35.2	21.8	3.3	-0.8
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	58.5	60.4	38.7	46.5	9.3	9.2	9.8	9.2	..	..
Guatemala	60.4	61.2	53.5	50.7	41.9	31.3	55.7	46.6	0.0	0.3
Guinea	61.1	58.8	44.4	39.5	85.8	83.3	96.8	96.9	2.7	3.8
Guinea-Bissau	70.0	70.1	54.6	49.5	83.8	80.3	82.0	80.3	-1.9	1.8
Guyana	50.5	47.2	37.5	35.7	26.5	27.4	42.2	30.5	3.0	3.6
Haiti	58.1	59.0	27.3	24.6	66.0	65.6	85.5	81.3	-1.1	-1.6
Honduras	63.5	65.1	54.9	51.8	36.8	34.9	52.1	48.6	1.0	-0.7
Hungary	45.8	54.9	32.4	28.4	12.3	7.1	7.5	5.4	3.9	3.6
Iceland	76.8	71.7	73.4	71.0	13.7	10.3	7.9	6.4	2.2	2.4
India	54.2	46.7	36.7	20.8	81.4	73.4	90.5	75.3	1.8	4.6
Indonesia	63.2	65.5	43.0	41.5	61.4	42.5	70.6	57.1	4.2	2.2
Iran, Islamic Rep.	39.1	40.1	25.7	21.1	42.4	43.9	48.2	42.5	-0.2	-5.7
Iraq	38.6	37.5	29.5	20.4	27.8	22.8	36.1	3.5	-5.6	-1.0
Ireland	59.8	59.4	61.5	41.1	17.8	14.1	6.4	5.6	3.2	4.3
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	54.4	61.3	48.6	43.7	8.7	9.0	5.2	7.6	-0.6	1.4
Italy	42.5	44.8	26.0	18.4	22.6	19.2	18.9	13.4	-0.6	0.0
Jamaica	56.5	61.5	29.0	27.2	41.3	40.2	33.0	30.6	0.4	-2.1
Japan	59.7	60.9	42.3	47.0	11.5	8.6	17.1	7.7	1.0	-0.2
Jordan	36.3	32.8	19.7	14.4	10.5	12.4	1.9	1.6	4.5	-0.3
Kazakhstan	62.3	65.5	42.5	37.4	35.4	22.6	44.4	21.3	9.0	4.1
Kenya	69.0	72.3	45.6	39.4	47.2	41.4	73.3	57.1	0.6	2.4
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.	79.9	78.6	71.5	72.4	85.3	85.8	86.1	85.8	..	..
Korea, Rep.	58.5	60.9	31.2	25.3	26.2	19.2	35.7	18.6	3.7	1.8
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	66.9	71.8	25.6	22.1	3.4	1.5	0.4	0.0	-0.9	-3.3
Kyrgyz Republic	59.7	54.9	42.3	31.8	51.8	35.0	50.9	24.5	3.5	3.8
Lao PDR	78.5	77.7	67.8	57.9	84.1	67.5	93.3	81.3	3.3	3.8
Latvia	48.1	57.5	30.2	31.8	10.4	7.9	11.1	7.1	5.1	2.6
Lebanon	42.4	44.6	24.5	25.0	35.3	35.7	13.8	13.8	-1.5	-4.6
Lesotho	47.6	51.7	32.7	28.2	54.7	39.7	71.7	55.6	0.9	-2.3
Liberia	72.7	73.9	54.6	54.1	74.7	65.1	89.4	90.7	0.3	-2.4
Libya	36.2	40.6	9.6	8.4	30.1	36.1	31.6	33.7	-4.8	11.5
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	50.5	58.1	26.6	33.2	20.4	11.0	15.6	7.2	6.3	3.8
Luxembourg	52.1	56.6	31.8	28.9	7.0	5.2	6.9	5.8	1.7	-1.2
Madagascar	81.6	84.5	68.7	71.8	80.7	79.8	86.4	87.2	-7.2	1.3
Malawi	73.2	72.1	50.3	56.1	57.9	54.1	59.9	68.1	-3.8	0.6
Malaysia	59.9	62.6	39.0	37.6	22.8	21.7	22.7	27.1	0.5	2.8
Maldives	53.2	65.9	37.2	48.9	23.3	15.2	51.7	33.4	-3.2	1.9
Mali	66.0	64.3	53.6	49.4	81.5	74.3	93.7	86.9	6.6	1.8
Malta	46.7	55.9	52.8	49.2	10.2	13.5	4.2	7.2	-0.4	0.5
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	45.4	40.8	36.8	17.6	57.9	41.4	78.5	75.7	-1.9	0.6
Mauritius	53.5	54.2	36.0	31.8	20.1	18.6	12.7	12.1	1.0	3.0
Mexico	58.3	59.3	49.5	42.4	30.9	25.3	33.5	30.3	-1.3	-0.8
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	49.3	39.4	22.7	16.5	35.0	35.5	37.7	26.0	6.9	7.2
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	56.5	59.6	36.4	29.6	58.1	49.2	55.1	44.6	1.3	1.9
Montenegro	34.2	47.1	11.9	27.8	14.7	17.0	9.5	8.6	1.2	2.1
Morocco	43.5	41.3	31.6	20.6	52.8	42.9	69.4	56.3	2.2	2.3
Mozambique	82.9	75.6	67.1	57.4	78.4	70.9	95.9	91.7	7.4	-0.1
Myanmar	71.9	60.1	78.3	45.3	76.8	61.5	77.9	63.7	10.2	5.6
Namibia	43.8	47.7	18.5	18.2	21.2	24.9	42.7	38.6	0.7	-3.1
Nepal	84.3	80.1	79.0	72.0	74.2	62.2	93.0	87.5	0.6	3.9
Netherlands	61.1	62.1	68.4	65.2	8.2	14.3	7.7	11.0	-0.5	0.2
New Caledonia	55.8	53.4	27.5	28.2	17.3	16.0	10.4	10.9	..	..
New Zealand	60.7	66.8	54.2	56.7	16.5	14.1	10.1	10.3	1.0	0.6
Nicaragua	57.1	63.2	45.8	45.9	46.0	31.7	47.2	45.3	-1.1	-2.6
Niger	78.0	71.8	65.7	61.1	89.5	91.6	89.6	98.0	2.8	1.9
Nigeria	57.8	51.1	27.3	27.8	85.5	74.9	91.6	85.2	7.7	-2.3
North Macedonia	36.0	45.9	16.0	20.5	20.7	18.7	22.5	14.7	-2.3	-0.8
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	64.6	61.7	58.6	50.2	7.5	6.1	3.8	3.3	1.3	0.5
Oman	53.2	68.2	32.9	32.9	9.9	2.4	10.3	3.8	-1.0	-2.9
Pakistan	50.8	50.4	40.9	38.4	63.1	51.0	66.5	70.2	0.2	1.9
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	60.5	64.1	46.5	39.0	36.5	37.3	19.3	34.7	-1.4	1.5
Papua New Guinea	69.9	45.9	56.3	33.6	79.9	64.4	91.4	84.0	0.4	0.5
Paraguay	63.1	67.9	53.0	50.8	51.4	35.2	54.3	39.7	-3.2	0.4
Peru	63.5	75.5	48.0	57.9	47.6	45.6	63.9	58.7	-2.6	-0.8
Philippines	60.2	58.7	41.0	34.1	43.2	30.5	46.6	37.4	1.0	5.2
Poland	47.1	55.0	23.2	32.3	24.4	18.4	22.3	13.0	3.6	3.9
Portugal	58.5	55.4	41.1	28.3	18.9	14.3	21.1	9.7	-0.1	0.6
Puerto Rico	41.7	36.5	27.8	15.8	9.4	13.7	4.4	6.0	3.4	-1.3
Qatar	76.6	86.7	47.0	63.4	0.7	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	-1.8
Romania	59.9	53.0	35.4	25.1	42.4	24.0	48.0	21.9	12.7	4.2
Russian Federation	54.7	58.7	34.6	27.3	10.3	7.5	9.6	5.6	3.5	2.6
Rwanda	85.0	82.7	75.6	62.6	86.0	55.5	95.0	76.3	7.0	4.2
Samoa	43.6	40.1	30.1	26.0	31.8	32.4	37.2	23.0	5.1	0.1
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	47.2	50.2	30.4	27.4	77.4	56.4	78.2	56.4	..	0.5
Saudi Arabia	47.6	52.5	14.9	13.4	6.0	3.2	2.1	1.1	-5.4	-1.0
Senegal	48.6	42.7	38.1	25.9	75.0	58.1	86.2	69.8	0.0	3.0
Serbia	50.2	49.5	31.2	21.0	34.3	26.8	35.9	21.2	7.9	1.2
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	61.9	55.4	38.6	25.5	85.7	82.1	93.9	92.9	4.6	1.7
Singapore	63.6	68.3	39.7	37.6	11.4	11.4	7.1	6.2	0.9	2.2
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	48.4	56.2	28.4	25.0	7.6	15.3	2.8	8.2	2.9	1.8
Slovenia	53.4	55.4	31.3	32.9	13.4	12.0	11.2	7.8	1.6	1.8
Solomon Islands	82.2	83.3	70.2	69.7	70.6	52.5	82.3	72.1	-8.9	0.7
Somalia	42.9	41.6	26.6	27.5	91.5	88.8	94.0	96.5	..	..
South Africa	38.8	40.1	16.3	10.9	7.4	10.7	16.1	10.6	3.6	-0.1
South Sudan	64.9	63.6	53.5	49.3	87.0	85.6	97.1	95.1	..	..
Spain	45.5	49.6	32.4	22.6	15.1	12.8	13.3	8.5	-0.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	52.5	50.3	33.5	23.8	40.3	38.3	43.9	40.2	0.7	3.4
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	53.3	61.2	37.7	38.2	31.4	27.8	25.0	18.8	-1.8	-0.5
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	51.8	54.8	33.7	31.6	21.7	23.4	17.6	18.0	2.2	0.1
Sudan	43.2	40.4	24.6	18.1	56.1	47.5	70.2	61.9	3.9	-4.5
Suriname	44.0	48.1	19.2	23.1	19.3	14.4	10.8	10.1	0.8	0.2
Sweden	59.0	60.0	47.5	44.2	9.7	8.1	4.3	4.2	0.8	0.6
Switzerland	65.6	65.1	65.0	61.2	10.1	8.3	10.9	9.4	-0.3	1.1
Syrian Arab Republic	45.5	40.8	34.6	23.6	40.4	41.8	52.5	7.3	..	..
Tajikistan	38.4	37.0	19.2	22.5	44.0	27.1	53.8	32.0	6.3	6.8
Tanzania	84.5	81.8	74.8	68.6	86.0	76.5	95.3	85.6	3.5	2.6
Thailand	71.4	66.3	49.3	38.6	55.1	46.8	59.3	48.8	3.3	3.5
Timor-Leste	68.1	64.3	40.1	36.4	70.7	58.9	82.9	79.2	2.3	0.8
Togo	55.0	56.7	26.3	23.4	82.3	62.1	92.3	87.5	-0.7	2.2
Tonga	54.3	45.5	32.0	23.2	54.1	45.6	61.0	48.7	4.1	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	59.0	58.1	47.2	36.4	18.3	23.7	16.8	13.6	4.2	-0.7
Tunisia	40.1	39.4	24.8	18.4	25.6	21.3	27.5	11.5	1.2	1.0
Turkey	45.6	45.5	37.6	33.9	35.0	24.8	56.3	31.8	0.8	2.2
Turkmenistan	54.8	55.7	34.1	36.9	33.1	25.7	45.9	33.1	-0.9	..
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	68.3	68.8	52.6	49.8	80.0	66.7	93.7	79.8	4.0	1.3
Ukraine	50.3	49.7	32.1	27.0	14.6	16.3	17.1	11.8	7.5	3.5
United Arab Emirates	74.3	80.2	45.2	49.6	1.8	0.9	0.6	4.0	-5.5	0.8
United Kingdom	58.0	60.6	55.9	50.1	11.5	16.4	6.2	9.9	1.8	0.4
United States	63.8	60.3	56.9	48.0	4.9	4.3	4.2	3.5	1.7	1.1
Uruguay	54.4	57.9	41.6	34.5	25.4	26.2	20.1	22.8	-4.2	1.8
Uzbekistan	57.1	58.3	35.5	38.7	44.1	34.1	49.2	34.1	0.2	3.8
Vanuatu	65.7	68.7	49.7	52.9	68.1	65.7	81.0	70.7	-8.0	0.9
Venezuela, RB	54.6	53.8	35.9	28.7	35.0	42.1	40.0	42.4	..	..
Vietnam	74.9	75.8	63.1	52.2	77.6	47.3	84.4	57.8	3.7	6.0
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	60.7	55.4	34.3	28.1	1.8	3.3	2.0	3.3	..	..
West Bank and Gaza	36.5	33.1	24.4	18.2	27.1	22.4	44.0	20.0	1.4	-1.6
Yemen, Rep.	40.7	33.4	29.4	20.3	36.4	47.1	65.2	60.7	..	..
Zambia	69.0	65.6	53.1	41.2	73.0	65.2	90.3	82.0	3.1	-0.2
Zimbabwe	75.0	78.9	64.7	67.8	45.5	57.1	77.9	79.3	-5.8	-1.5
World	61.0	57.5	45.7	35.6	52.2	43.6	52.6	43.9	1.3	2.1
East Asia & Pacific	71.0	64.9	57.6	41.6	56.6	39.0	57.7	43.9	3.8	4.4
Europe & Central Asia	52.0	54.3	36.4	34.1	17.9	15.3	17.0	12.0	1.7	1.5
Latin America & Caribbean	57.1	59.2	44.7	40.4	35.0	33.4	36.5	33.8	-1.8	-0.2
Middle East & North Africa	41.4	43.0	25.6	20.5	29.1	24.5	38.9	24.9	-1.3	-0.4
North America	63.5	60.4	56.8	48.9	5.6	5.1	4.6	4.1	1.6	1.0
South Asia	54.4	48.5	38.4	25.8	77.3	68.0	87.5	73.7	1.5	4.1
Sub-Saharan Africa	65.0	62.9	46.5	42.7	73.6	67.2	86.3	80.0	2.6	-0.4
Low income	66.3	63.6	51.2	46.6	78.6	72.1	89.6	85.4	1.8	1.2
Lower middle income	56.5	52.1	40.4	29.8	71.0	61.1	79.8	66.9	2.1	3.3
Upper middle income	65.9	61.2	50.9	37.7	51.3	36.6	52.1	40.0	3.2	3.6
High income	56.6	58.0	43.3	40.9	12.1	10.1	11.4	8.0	1.3	0.8

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