World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, male		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
2000	2016	2000	2016	2000	2016	2000	2016	2000-02	2013-16

Afghanistan	50.1	48.0	43.0	36.6	78.8	70.6	79.4	73.3	-5.5	-3.1
Albania	53.7	43.4	38.9	21.8	59.5	56.9	68.6	57.0	6.1	2.1
Algeria	30.6	38.8	17.5	19.9	31.5	39.0	38.0	33.9	-0.9	2.8
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	65.5	64.5	47.5	46.2	54.5	43.1	76.0	62.0	-4.6	-1.1
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	49.2	55.6	31.5	31.8	24.3	22.2	20.7	17.0	-7.0	-1.5
Armenia	47.0	52.1	24.3	24.1	41.9	40.9	46.8	41.7	9.9	2.1
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	59.5	60.9	62.0	58.0	14.9	13.0	9.3	8.4	1.5	1.2
Austria	55.5	56.5	52.3	52.0	7.8	8.8	9.4	7.6	0.4	1.1
Azerbaijan	56.1	61.9	33.7	29.3	68.4	46.1	67.2	60.5	6.5	-1.5
Bahamas, The	65.1	64.7	45.1	43.9	17.8	12.7	9.2	18.5	-0.2	-3.6
Bahrain	64.4	69.3	39.2	43.1	1.8	1.0	0.5	0.8	-3.3	0.4
Bangladesh	68.2	59.6	56.5	41.2	79.5	54.0	91.0	58.8	2.9	4.3
Barbados	63.0	58.5	48.7	31.7	16.7	20.3	7.9	11.2	-0.4	0.9
Belarus	58.4	59.9	43.9	43.6	3.8	2.4	2.6	1.7	4.5	-1.2
Belgium	48.8	49.3	30.2	24.4	11.6	12.8	11.5	8.3	1.6	0.7
Belize	54.5	62.3	40.9	44.9	27.3	24.2	23.1	22.1	0.2	-2.3
Benin	71.7	70.5	59.5	40.6	82.9	84.4	95.5	94.8	1.9	0.9
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	65.8	65.1	45.8	27.9	48.8	63.4	84.2	84.2	2.2	3.3
Bolivia	66.8	70.8	48.9	49.1	35.1	33.5	31.0	30.4	-0.2	2.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35.1	33.3	15.3	8.7	25.4	20.6	24.4	20.2	5.4	2.6
Botswana	63.1	63.6	51.4	38.4	25.1	14.7	27.2	14.5	3.6	-0.3
Brazil	58.9	59.2	51.6	42.1	34.7	31.1	32.8	22.5	-0.7	-2.1
Brunei Darussalam	64.8	59.6	41.6	32.6	4.4	4.7	3.7	4.8	0.8	-3.4
Bulgaria	41.8	50.0	20.5	22.3	16.2	9.4	11.7	6.9	5.1	1.4
Burkina Faso	81.1	80.8	75.3	73.3	92.0	88.4	97.1	95.0	2.7	1.1
Burundi	83.0	82.1	68.3	63.5	89.9	91.1	97.6	97.6	-0.5	-3.1
Cabo Verde	56.4	60.8	50.2	49.2	43.2	37.2	56.0	43.7	-0.1	0.1
Cambodia	79.2	80.8	68.9	70.3	81.3	47.9	87.9	57.6	1.7	4.8
Cameroon	66.1	73.0	45.4	52.4	67.4	63.4	90.4	84.8	0.3	2.4
Canada	60.8	60.8	56.3	56.2	11.9	12.2	9.1	9.2	0.7	1.0
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	73.1	72.1	56.4	52.8	56.8	60.7	81.1	86.9	2.2	3.2
Chad	67.9	67.5	51.7	51.4	92.5	85.6	99.2	98.2	6.2	-3.0
Channel Islands	55.5	53.9	44.1	40.2	11.8	11.3	8.1	7.4	-2.5	2.2
Chile	49.5	58.4	26.5	30.9	29.8	22.8	23.1	25.1	1.7	0.6
China	73.7	67.3	61.9	47.5	49.2	29.8	55.8	35.9	7.6	6.4
Hong Kong SAR, China	58.0	58.2	41.7	36.2	7.3	7.9	3.4	4.0	0.7	2.0
Macao SAR, China	60.8	69.9	38.8	42.9	9.5	4.9	7.1	2.5	8.4	-11.1
Colombia	51.5	62.7	32.3	36.4	46.4	46.1	46.1	46.2	-5.3	1.1
Comoros	43.7	46.0	24.8	24.2	52.9	54.9	70.5	70.5	-0.8	-1.2
Congo, Dem. Rep.	69.9	68.9	43.3	41.2	74.2	66.8	87.2	79.7	-2.3	2.6
Congo, Rep.	57.0	63.0	31.5	36.6	63.3	57.7	91.5	89.0	-1.9	0.0
Costa Rica	56.0	56.1	45.7	34.2	24.9	14.8	20.6	12.6	-0.5	1.9
Cote d'Ivoire	60.5	60.8	44.4	44.0	73.4	68.4	87.4	87.6	-2.6	5.1
Croatia	45.1	45.4	26.3	22.6	18.8	10.4	18.8	8.6	5.1	-0.8
Cuba	50.7	54.1	32.2	38.5	14.6	11.6	4.7	7.8	..	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	57.8	55.5	39.3	31.0	20.4	14.9	14.8	9.6	-0.8	-1.6
Czech Republic	55.2	57.1	38.6	28.6	13.2	15.9	7.8	11.6	1.5	2.2
Denmark	62.8	58.1	67.2	54.4	5.5	7.0	4.2	4.2	0.3	0.7
Djibouti	45.6	49.2	40.2	37.7	27.5	23.2	72.8	63.8	-0.9	3.5
Dominica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	54.8	56.1	36.7	34.0	46.6	48.9	28.5	27.3	1.1	4.9
Ecuador	61.7	61.2	46.7	36.7	38.9	38.1	49.2	55.1	1.2	-1.4
Egypt, Arab Rep.	41.9	43.7	23.7	22.0	19.4	19.8	38.3	45.3	1.6	1.1
El Salvador	57.0	58.4	41.7	40.2	32.2	30.5	50.7	48.8	1.4	0.9
Equatorial Guinea	73.8	77.9	62.6	64.4	36.2	24.5	47.5	20.5	27.9	-10.9
Eritrea	76.2	77.8	71.6	68.3	7.9	6.3	7.8	7.5	1.2	2.2
Estonia	51.1	57.6	29.2	33.2	5.8	6.7	4.5	4.5	5.1	1.8
Ethiopia	77.2	78.7	73.0	71.7	90.7	46.5	94.4	51.8	1.7	5.5
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	52.8	49.8	35.7	32.0	37.6	38.6	43.3	41.1	1.4	3.4
Finland	54.7	53.2	38.1	42.1	11.5	12.4	6.6	7.4	1.2	0.6
France	49.6	49.8	28.6	27.9	7.8	8.9	6.2	6.2	0.1	0.9
French Polynesia	52.2	45.0	26.3	18.1	16.9	13.8	13.5	10.5	-0.7	1.7
Gabon	49.8	41.8	17.5	11.3	46.1	27.3	64.6	38.9	-1.9	-1.0
Gambia, The	54.0	54.3	36.8	35.7	69.6	69.1	85.6	84.5	-2.2	-0.7
Georgia	56.6	59.2	28.3	28.0	59.2	55.6	62.3	57.1	6.1	3.3
Germany	53.6	57.9	47.7	46.5	6.3	6.6	5.2	5.3	1.1	0.9
Ghana	66.9	72.6	45.1	48.6	64.2	58.8	86.8	79.3	1.9	1.4
Greece	47.1	40.3	28.5	15.0	33.4	28.3	35.1	24.5	3.2	-1.2
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	54.9	58.6	30.7	40.8	46.5	40.3	48.3	42.1	-0.2	-1.2
Guatemala	60.8	60.2	54.1	49.5	41.7	29.3	55.4	45.0	0.5	0.2
Guinea	65.5	77.1	53.1	64.5	62.1	59.7	75.6	71.9	2.0	-0.9
Guinea-Bissau	67.3	68.3	49.3	47.2	52.8	50.0	72.6	71.9	-2.0	1.1
Guyana	53.4	53.4	37.1	35.3	31.8	32.0	25.8	28.2	2.1	1.9
Haiti	57.6	57.4	27.3	23.6	84.3	86.1	88.5	91.4	-2.1	-0.5
Honduras	63.5	61.8	54.5	45.8	49.1	46.9	47.8	54.8	2.9	1.2
Hungary	46.0	50.9	33.2	26.2	12.3	6.4	7.5	5.1	3.7	0.5
Iceland	75.3	71.7	68.5	69.5	13.5	10.2	7.3	5.3	2.0	2.9
India	56.4	51.9	41.4	30.7	80.5	77.1	90.4	83.0	1.4	5.3
Indonesia	63.3	63.7	45.2	40.5	61.7	52.7	70.9	60.5	4.2	3.2
Iran, Islamic Rep.	38.9	39.6	25.4	22.3	44.4	40.0	62.6	41.8	0.3	1.8
Iraq	34.1	36.1	20.2	19.0	38.2	33.0	51.1	41.0	-5.7	0.5
Ireland	56.8	54.9	48.5	31.6	17.8	17.6	6.4	5.9	3.0	10.6
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	54.7	60.8	48.4	45.3	8.9	9.1	5.4	7.0	-0.3	1.2
Italy	42.6	42.6	26.1	16.7	16.4	19.9	13.6	14.1	-1.1	0.4
Jamaica	57.6	56.5	32.2	26.8	41.4	43.0	33.2	30.6	0.6	-1.1
Japan	59.6	57.4	42.3	40.9	15.0	8.7	18.2	8.4	1.1	0.8
Jordan	36.5	33.7	20.2	14.4	12.9	10.8	5.7	2.2	5.1	-0.9
Kazakhstan	61.1	67.9	45.1	40.6	34.9	27.2	42.5	25.3	7.8	1.0
Kenya	62.1	59.3	37.7	30.0	50.8	40.6	79.5	68.7	0.6	1.7
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.	79.0	76.0	72.5	63.6	20.3	16.0	29.2	28.1	1.5	0.4
Korea, Rep.	58.4	58.8	31.0	25.4	33.6	19.4	37.7	19.9	3.5	2.4
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	66.5	65.9	31.3	28.6	2.8	2.7	0.3	0.3	-0.9	-2.4
Kyrgyz Republic	60.0	58.2	41.6	40.5	51.1	43.4	59.7	34.5	4.0	2.1
Lao PDR	78.6	77.0	67.8	58.7	90.7	75.1	95.1	86.6	3.4	4.9
Latvia	48.1	54.5	30.1	33.6	10.4	10.0	11.1	7.4	4.5	2.7
Lebanon	40.5	44.1	23.8	23.7	35.9	38.0	13.8	18.1	-1.8	-3.2
Lesotho	50.0	47.9	37.9	27.3	33.5	21.5	31.7	19.7	-0.7	2.8
Liberia	57.5	58.6	33.3	32.4	72.1	66.3	89.9	87.6	0.1	-3.1
Libya	42.0	43.8	21.6	20.2	29.4	34.3	32.7	38.5	-4.9	-26.4
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	50.5	54.6	26.6	31.0	20.4	12.1	15.7	8.6	6.4	1.5
Luxembourg	52.1	55.2	31.8	22.5	3.3	6.1	3.6	6.0	2.8	1.7
Macedonia, FYR	36.1	42.7	15.3	17.2	32.8	30.4	23.1	20.7	-2.0	0.4
Madagascar	81.6	84.6	68.3	73.6	78.7	81.1	85.6	89.8	-7.3	0.5
Malawi	73.0	75.7	52.5	53.6	58.9	54.6	72.2	66.6	-5.1	0.0
Malaysia	61.1	60.9	45.1	35.7	22.8	19.7	22.7	25.0	0.8	2.6
Maldives	53.2	66.9	37.2	50.0	22.1	12.9	50.6	26.5	-2.8	1.6
Mali	47.1	59.3	36.4	51.3	86.3	81.0	94.6	93.9	5.4	4.0
Malta	46.5	50.8	52.7	45.8	10.2	11.7	3.8	4.5	1.0	3.3
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	41.5	42.6	25.2	22.7	40.6	39.3	53.2	47.2	-2.1	-1.2
Mauritius	54.7	55.6	38.4	32.9	18.5	18.4	15.6	14.2	0.7	2.4
Mexico	58.8	59.9	50.1	43.8	30.9	25.4	33.4	30.2	-1.6	-0.1
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	54.7	40.6	30.8	18.9	43.6	44.1	35.7	29.5	7.2	1.7
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	58.0	58.6	39.2	29.2	61.1	45.3	55.3	42.3	2.1	1.8
Montenegro	41.8	40.1	21.6	19.5	19.1	13.8	15.8	9.4	1.3	1.7
Morocco	46.0	43.8	37.3	27.5	58.6	47.0	69.4	64.0	4.4	1.7
Mozambique	65.5	59.4	42.2	40.6	80.6	70.8	96.6	92.9	7.4	3.2
Myanmar	76.3	77.1	55.7	55.8	95.9	53.0	94.6	59.1	9.2	5.6
Namibia	45.0	45.6	17.3	17.4	20.4	21.7	36.8	37.5	-0.1	2.4
Nepal	84.0	80.3	78.6	71.3	63.3	63.2	84.1	87.6	1.0	0.6
Netherlands	61.1	60.0	68.4	60.9	8.2	14.3	7.7	11.0	-0.6	1.4
New Caledonia	52.0	48.4	36.0	34.3	12.8	11.2	8.5	8.2	-0.1	2.6
New Zealand	60.8	64.1	54.2	51.4	16.5	13.9	10.1	10.3	0.9	2.3
Nicaragua	53.8	60.5	41.3	42.3	45.9	36.6	47.1	52.0	-0.1	2.7
Niger	60.2	63.0	49.7	54.9	91.0	89.8	95.5	94.7	0.1	1.2
Nigeria	52.2	53.6	32.0	34.8	37.7	27.7	53.4	39.3	2.1	-1.3
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	63.8	61.7	56.6	49.3	7.5	6.5	3.8	3.7	1.5	0.8
Oman	44.3	58.0	19.5	22.8	10.4	9.9	10.6	10.0	-1.0	-4.4
Pakistan	47.4	50.9	35.7	39.2	63.1	54.5	66.8	78.5	0.2	2.0
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	54.8	62.5	35.9	42.0	36.3	29.5	19.1	25.5	-1.1	3.7
Papua New Guinea	69.9	68.5	56.0	50.9	56.3	43.0	60.5	52.5	-3.3	3.1
Paraguay	63.2	67.7	52.7	52.5	45.7	37.6	49.9	42.4	-2.1	1.8
Peru	64.9	69.3	49.5	45.9	38.8	40.2	59.4	53.8	0.5	2.1
Philippines	57.9	61.1	36.3	40.4	43.2	34.4	46.7	40.4	-0.3	3.5
Poland	47.0	53.2	23.8	28.3	24.4	18.8	22.3	14.3	4.0	1.7
Portugal	58.5	51.9	41.9	24.6	18.9	15.5	21.2	10.4	0.3	0.0
Puerto Rico	41.8	37.4	28.1	18.6	17.6	18.0	8.1	7.9	5.2	-2.4
Qatar	75.2	84.6	42.2	65.9	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.1	1.3	-1.0
Romania	59.8	52.6	35.2	23.1	42.4	26.5	47.9	24.4	11.7	3.1
Russian Federation	54.2	59.7	34.3	32.0	7.6	6.6	8.2	5.7	3.6	-0.6
Rwanda	83.0	82.6	72.8	67.6	88.8	71.3	96.2	85.7	6.0	3.3
Samoa	51.9	38.0	35.0	24.8	63.1	32.2	43.5	32.9	6.8	1.5
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	48.8	52.2	31.1	28.7	47.1	36.3	59.5	33.5	1.8	1.9
Saudi Arabia	48.2	52.5	14.9	13.0	5.6	3.3	3.0	1.2	-3.0	-1.2
Senegal	52.8	51.7	41.3	36.2	73.0	60.5	84.7	80.2	-0.6	2.1
Serbia	48.3	43.9	27.7	18.7	24.6	29.7	27.6	22.9	7.0	-1.8
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	62.5	65.1	39.0	42.3	89.6	84.1	96.6	94.2	4.1	-7.6
Singapore	62.9	65.8	45.6	36.7	5.8	10.5	2.9	5.7	0.3	0.3
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	48.6	53.4	29.2	24.1	7.6	15.1	2.8	8.8	2.8	1.4
Slovenia	53.4	52.6	31.3	28.3	13.4	12.1	11.2	8.8	2.3	1.9
Solomon Islands	45.2	46.1	27.1	25.9	64.1	66.7	67.2	68.3	-9.5	0.4
Somalia	51.8	51.1	40.1	39.2	33.2	28.3	57.9	50.6	1.0	-0.4
South Africa	41.1	39.2	17.5	12.3	8.7	9.0	15.5	9.4	1.0	0.1
South Sudan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Spain	45.9	46.7	34.5	20.4	15.2	14.2	13.3	9.4	0.1	0.4
Sri Lanka	52.5	49.4	33.5	28.2	40.3	39.3	43.7	43.6	0.9	5.2
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	57.0	53.6	36.7	28.3	32.3	31.6	25.6	25.3	-5.8	0.2
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	51.6	54.3	33.8	32.8	10.8	9.4	9.2	8.2	2.7	1.3
Sudan	43.4	41.4	26.3	22.8	43.1	37.6	61.2	45.8	4.2	0.6
Suriname	47.4	49.8	21.6	23.3	19.7	12.2	11.0	9.0	5.8	-3.4
Swaziland	37.8	39.4	21.3	15.5	14.6	14.3	30.0	26.1	0.0	-2.2
Sweden	59.4	60.2	45.6	45.7	10.0	8.2	4.1	4.5	0.9	2.3
Switzerland	65.6	65.4	64.8	62.0	11.5	8.0	7.4	9.0	-0.1	0.3
Syrian Arab Republic	45.6	35.4	34.2	19.4	42.4	34.3	57.5	13.6	3.2	-11.2
Tajikistan	58.5	60.9	38.9	40.3	40.1	45.7	50.4	42.6	6.8	3.8
Tanzania	85.6	76.6	76.0	61.5	89.0	74.2	95.5	87.1	3.4	3.2
Thailand	71.2	70.0	49.4	43.0	55.1	50.7	59.4	53.7	2.5	1.9
Timor-Leste	55.7	39.0	40.7	12.9	81.4	64.3	82.8	69.4	5.9	2.7
Togo	73.8	76.0	58.9	57.7	63.9	53.3	82.1	76.8	-4.7	2.4
Tonga	58.1	60.1	34.5	34.7	52.6	54.7	59.4	61.5	1.3	2.2
Trinidad and Tobago	53.6	60.3	39.0	41.0	18.5	20.0	16.8	11.6	3.0	-2.4
Tunisia	40.0	40.5	24.0	22.4	32.3	22.7	30.7	16.0	1.0	0.3
Turkey	45.6	44.7	37.5	33.7	43.4	24.7	63.9	35.2	0.7	1.7
Turkmenistan	55.0	56.6	36.3	37.7	26.4	25.0	30.9	35.8	-0.1	5.6
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	80.1	83.3	63.2	72.7	78.6	70.9	91.4	84.7	4.4	1.2
Ukraine	51.3	53.6	29.9	30.5	13.7	17.6	20.6	16.1	6.5	-3.7
United Arab Emirates	74.3	77.7	44.9	42.4	1.9	1.0	0.7	0.6	-5.1	2.7
United Kingdom	58.4	59.3	58.3	51.4	11.6	16.1	6.2	9.5	1.8	0.8
United States	63.7	58.9	56.7	45.8	8.2	7.2	6.1	5.1	1.7	0.7
Uruguay	54.9	60.3	41.0	43.1	25.6	23.9	20.2	21.8	-4.3	1.6
Uzbekistan	53.8	56.8	35.5	38.0	41.6	27.0	38.5	24.8	1.2	5.5
Vanuatu	72.6	67.2	60.1	50.6	67.9	69.0	75.3	76.4	-6.5	-0.9
Venezuela, RB	57.0	60.0	37.1	34.4	33.7	34.2	33.9	35.9	-6.4	-12.3
Vietnam	75.8	76.7	64.9	56.5	77.7	50.4	84.5	62.4	3.6	4.9
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	60.1	56.4	39.2	42.4	29.2	26.8	25.7	23.5	24.1	1.2
West Bank and Gaza	33.2	32.1	20.8	16.7	26.6	23.4	43.4	30.2	..	..
Yemen, Rep.	41.4	41.8	28.9	25.9	46.0	32.3	61.0	47.1	2.3	-18.7
Zambia	69.1	69.6	52.5	48.7	74.3	68.4	91.1	87.3	2.2	-0.2
Zimbabwe	71.3	78.3	53.8	63.4	44.4	65.8	76.7	83.0	-9.5	-0.8
World	61.1	59.2	46.4	39.7	48.6	41.1	51.4	41.3	1.1	1.8
East Asia & Pacific	70.3	66.4	56.1	46.0	48.6	32.7	55.3	38.4	3.4	4.2
Europe & Central Asia	52.0	53.7	36.7	34.2	17.5	15.6	16.5	12.7	1.7	0.9
Latin America & Caribbean	57.2	59.9	45.4	40.5	34.8	31.8	35.7	31.5	-1.9	-1.3
Middle East & North Africa	41.3	43.8	25.3	22.4	31.5	26.0	43.1	34.3	-0.3	0.3
North America	63.4	59.1	56.7	46.8	8.6	7.7	6.4	5.6	1.6	0.7
South Asia	57.0	52.9	42.9	33.5	77.9	71.9	88.5	78.8	1.3	4.7
Sub-Saharan Africa	63.2	64.3	46.5	47.2	63.2	53.5	78.6	68.3	0.7	0.0
Low income	72.5	72.0	59.2	57.2	73.5	63.2	84.0	75.3	0.3	1.5
Lower middle income	57.5	55.4	41.7	35.2	68.5	60.1	77.1	64.5	1.9	3.2
Upper middle income	65.0	62.0	50.3	40.5	42.6	29.3	48.3	32.6	2.8	3.1
High income	56.6	56.3	43.8	39.2	12.9	10.7	11.0	8.4	1.2	0.9

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