World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, male		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
2015	2021	2015	2021	2015	2019	2015	2019	2015-21

Afghanistan	42.9	36.0	34.2	28.0	80.4	79.3	92.8	91.0	-3.2
Albania	46.0	52.1	18.9	24.9	56.6	51.4	56.2	51.0	1.0
Algeria	37.7	34.4	17.7	15.4	27.8	27.9	24.0	23.3	1.1
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	63.6	64.3	36.3	38.1	47.1	48.6	71.0	71.6	-5.3
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	54.7	55.1	30.9	28.4	22.7	24.0	17.9	21.0	-1.9
Armenia	50.6	53.4	29.1	24.0	60.4	55.5	66.7	64.3	2.3
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	61.1	62.6	58.4	60.9	11.0	8.9	6.5	6.7	0.2
Austria	56.7	56.7	50.3	49.0	13.2	11.7	9.0	7.7	0.5
Azerbaijan	60.4	58.4	32.5	34.2	47.7	48.1	63.4	60.9	0.0
Bahamas, The	63.7	62.4	40.7	38.6	20.9	21.2	7.8	7.9	-1.0
Bahrain	70.5	68.1	40.8	40.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.6
Bangladesh	54.0	57.9	36.2	44.4	52.9	47.6	72.0	65.3	3.8
Barbados	59.0	57.9	29.9	31.6	21.0	25.2	10.2	13.0	-2.7
Belarus	60.5	61.5	42.5	38.1	5.0	4.9	1.9	2.3	1.2
Belgium	48.8	50.7	23.4	24.8	13.7	13.4	9.3	8.9	0.2
Belize	59.0	55.4	39.4	39.2	27.0	27.4	24.8	34.0	-0.7
Benin	72.2	74.6	43.9	49.3	82.4	81.7	94.2	93.6	1.8
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	61.6	65.8	26.6	21.7	64.8	62.8	85.2	83.0	-0.7
Bolivia	65.4	73.8	41.0	57.0	51.3	56.7	63.9	68.7	-1.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36.4	41.5	11.2	19.1	20.8	17.3	19.3	21.8	1.8
Botswana	50.4	49.2	24.1	21.5	28.1	28.6	29.6	29.9	1.9
Brazil	58.8	54.2	44.3	39.3	29.5	30.5	21.7	23.6	0.7
Brunei Darussalam	60.6	60.8	30.2	32.1	5.5	4.7	5.8	8.8	-1.3
Bulgaria	49.3	52.4	20.4	16.8	8.8	8.2	6.9	6.4	3.0
Burkina Faso	60.5	47.1	45.1	27.9	62.1	61.5	85.1	84.3	6.4
Burundi	78.4	78.3	51.7	52.1	77.7	77.3	93.9	91.5	-1.7
Cabo Verde	52.1	47.8	26.2	20.7	28.0	26.8	47.8	44.7	1.5
Cambodia	79.3	79.2	71.3	66.6	48.2	48.2	59.8	59.4	3.5
Cameroon	68.6	62.7	43.5	32.4	65.3	62.0	83.3	79.9	1.6
Canada	61.3	60.3	57.1	55.5	11.8	11.9	9.0	9.1	0.6
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	69.7	68.3	55.1	53.6	90.2	90.2	97.2	97.1	1.6
Chad	61.0	58.5	40.0	37.4	85.6	85.7	96.7	96.2	-2.0
Channel Islands	54.2	54.3	39.9	39.5	13.9	13.5	8.0	7.7	..
Chile	58.1	52.2	30.6	21.3	19.5	21.4	22.0	22.3	2.2
China	66.1	64.1	47.5	42.4	44.8	42.5	44.3	42.3	6.0
Hong Kong SAR, China	58.5	55.7	36.1	30.4	8.0	8.0	3.9	4.1	1.5
Macao SAR, China	69.7	67.9	41.5	40.6	4.4	4.5	2.3	2.1	-7.8
Colombia	61.3	55.4	42.5	36.4	47.3	46.4	47.2	46.3	1.5
Comoros	43.5	47.8	14.3	19.3	50.4	49.5	69.5	68.0	-0.3
Congo, Dem. Rep.	63.1	62.3	32.9	32.1	72.9	76.6	90.3	89.0	0.8
Congo, Rep.	54.5	52.5	25.8	23.7	61.2	60.6	90.2	89.3	-5.5
Costa Rica	57.5	52.4	35.5	27.6	27.6	26.3	24.9	22.4	3.0
Cote d'Ivoire	65.2	64.8	47.1	37.9	65.3	64.0	84.2	80.6	2.8
Croatia	44.1	48.0	19.1	25.7	13.5	11.2	9.9	7.2	2.3
Cuba	53.8	50.6	38.0	35.5	22.4	25.8	15.6	17.5	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	54.5	61.5	25.5	34.9	14.3	13.6	10.6	9.3	1.9
Czechia	56.4	57.8	28.4	24.8	16.1	16.4	10.9	10.5	1.9
Denmark	57.6	59.6	51.3	53.9	7.5	6.9	4.4	4.3	1.3
Djibouti	24.1	22.7	4.4	2.7	26.0	24.5	49.7	48.4	3.3
Dominica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	57.3	58.3	36.8	37.9	48.0	45.7	30.0	27.6	2.7
Ecuador	63.3	62.0	39.0	41.3	35.1	41.6	51.7	58.4	-0.8
Egypt, Arab Rep.	40.8	39.8	21.2	19.7	20.8	17.5	43.0	29.9	2.7
El Salvador	56.3	56.6	38.3	39.0	30.2	28.3	44.2	43.6	1.2
Equatorial Guinea	56.1	53.1	25.7	23.3	64.5	70.7	89.3	88.9	-7.6
Eritrea	74.6	72.8	63.4	60.4	66.1	65.8	84.5	84.1	..
Estonia	57.9	59.3	35.1	33.6	7.5	8.0	4.2	4.7	2.8
Eswatini	39.3	31.8	13.2	11.2	27.7	26.7	40.8	40.0	4.1
Ethiopia	76.1	65.6	66.6	50.9	84.6	83.7	89.9	88.5	6.3
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	55.7	54.3	33.1	31.3	38.1	32.6	37.1	29.3	-2.0
Finland	53.3	55.2	40.6	43.9	13.1	11.8	7.8	7.3	0.4
France	49.9	51.2	26.1	30.7	8.5	9.1	6.0	6.5	0.0
French Polynesia	49.3	47.0	25.8	23.5	17.1	17.3	12.0	12.2	..
Gabon	40.3	38.3	11.3	10.2	27.1	27.1	38.1	38.1	-0.5
Gambia, The	44.6	44.8	28.2	27.9	62.2	55.1	83.0	81.9	1.2
Georgia	57.4	53.6	26.9	24.2	52.4	50.1	52.4	45.2	5.5
Germany	57.4	58.2	45.4	49.3	6.4	5.6	5.2	4.6	0.7
Ghana	64.5	61.9	37.2	36.4	63.4	58.1	80.0	79.8	3.0
Greece	38.4	43.0	13.0	13.4	30.2	26.5	25.2	21.8	-0.8
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	58.2	57.6	38.2	37.3	11.3	11.5	6.0	6.0	..
Guatemala	59.1	56.6	49.3	48.8	32.7	29.9	45.9	42.0	1.4
Guinea	52.8	49.5	28.7	24.4	78.5	74.4	89.8	87.5	5.0
Guinea-Bissau	61.2	60.6	50.9	48.8	69.1	68.9	84.9	84.0	1.6
Guyana	47.9	43.4	36.8	31.0	28.0	27.5	32.9	30.0	12.1
Haiti	56.9	55.5	23.5	21.7	66.4	66.4	83.6	84.1	-1.6
Honduras	60.2	57.3	48.6	49.2	36.2	35.7	51.9	52.6	1.1
Hungary	52.4	56.8	26.0	27.5	8.8	8.5	6.2	6.1	2.2
Iceland	73.5	69.0	73.3	65.8	16.5	14.9	7.5	7.6	1.2
India	49.0	49.2	24.2	22.9	74.9	73.5	80.4	78.0	2.8
Indonesia	63.6	63.3	38.3	38.6	41.9	42.7	56.6	57.1	2.4
Iran, Islamic Rep.	37.3	37.2	18.6	16.6	39.3	41.1	42.2	42.3	1.2
Iraq	38.4	33.2	23.6	17.1	26.6	25.0	39.1	34.8	0.8
Ireland	55.7	59.6	37.8	44.0	17.4	14.4	6.6	5.7	4.7
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	62.2	60.3	47.0	42.2	9.0	9.1	6.9	7.0	2.4
Italy	42.8	43.8	15.6	17.6	19.8	18.3	13.7	13.0	0.3
Jamaica	59.7	62.3	25.2	28.8	42.0	37.8	30.6	29.6	-1.8
Japan	57.5	60.4	40.6	46.6	9.1	8.6	8.5	7.5	-0.6
Jordan	32.7	31.0	20.3	13.4	10.5	10.3	3.2	3.7	-0.4
Kazakhstan	69.1	67.9	42.6	40.7	26.4	25.5	24.9	23.4	1.8
Kenya	72.2	63.6	42.0	31.8	52.1	52.4	71.1	69.6	3.4
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	79.6	78.5	72.3	71.1	79.9	79.9	91.9	91.7	..
Korea, Rep.	60.4	60.3	25.1	25.0	19.4	19.2	20.1	18.6	1.8
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	70.7	68.1	21.6	20.1	0.7	1.4	0.0	0.0	-1.9
Kyrgyz Republic	63.0	62.3	43.2	40.5	39.6	34.6	34.8	28.6	0.9
Lao PDR	58.5	63.0	48.4	51.6	76.3	73.4	85.3	82.5	1.4
Latvia	54.1	55.6	34.6	27.9	10.3	9.0	8.4	7.7	2.9
Lebanon	42.7	40.0	28.9	26.7	25.1	24.0	12.1	11.8	-2.8
Lesotho	52.6	46.6	31.8	25.9	35.3	35.6	30.5	30.1	-0.9
Liberia	75.0	73.4	56.1	53.6	66.0	65.6	90.1	90.3	-1.8
Libya	39.7	39.4	8.5	8.2	15.6	15.3	7.3	7.1	0.3
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	53.8	57.9	28.3	31.1	13.0	12.5	9.2	8.4	3.3
Luxembourg	55.8	58.1	29.3	29.4	7.2	6.5	7.3	7.1	0.0
Madagascar	84.5	82.0	72.2	67.4	81.4	81.2	90.0	89.0	-0.5
Malawi	66.2	63.3	51.9	48.0	55.1	54.9	67.4	67.3	0.8
Malaysia	63.2	62.6	38.2	43.1	28.7	28.0	18.6	18.2	0.8
Maldives	53.8	61.0	40.5	43.4	13.3	15.0	34.4	32.7	-2.4
Mali	69.6	65.7	58.7	55.1	75.7	77.1	89.6	90.4	1.3
Malta	52.6	60.6	45.6	48.7	13.4	14.1	7.1	7.5	0.9
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	37.8	36.2	18.1	15.1	47.1	45.3	71.4	71.5	0.2
Mauritius	55.9	49.0	31.2	22.6	18.5	19.1	14.4	12.6	1.9
Mexico	57.9	57.5	41.0	41.1	25.9	25.1	30.5	30.1	-0.9
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	69.0	71.9	45.6	38.3	61.7	58.7	59.5	59.8	4.6
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	56.8	55.5	25.6	23.7	51.0	41.3	47.4	39.3	2.1
Montenegro	43.2	40.1	18.8	18.6	21.5	21.1	12.2	11.9	3.2
Morocco	43.0	40.5	24.0	20.4	41.5	39.9	25.7	22.9	1.5
Mozambique	76.3	75.0	58.1	56.4	73.8	72.8	93.1	92.6	-0.5
Myanmar	64.2	52.8	58.9	41.6	61.2	62.0	67.2	64.7	2.5
Namibia	48.0	46.1	20.3	17.3	20.5	24.3	35.6	37.9	-2.9
Nepal	36.0	34.7	24.5	22.0	73.8	72.4	92.7	92.1	2.9
Netherlands	61.9	63.6	69.7	71.7	15.0	14.6	10.6	10.3	0.7
New Caledonia	54.1	51.0	26.1	24.0	16.2	16.2	9.9	9.9	..
New Zealand	64.7	67.7	52.9	58.0	15.5	14.8	12.2	11.6	0.1
Nicaragua	62.0	61.3	46.9	45.0	35.3	33.2	47.6	46.2	0.1
Niger	73.0	71.7	61.5	60.5	90.5	79.9	97.1	93.9	1.1
Nigeria	77.6	77.0	57.1	58.6	56.0	54.4	81.0	79.4	-1.9
North Macedonia	39.7	43.5	17.4	17.9	24.0	18.4	18.6	14.3	0.7
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	63.0	62.6	53.7	53.2	8.1	7.0	4.3	4.0	0.5
Oman	67.0	64.2	33.3	32.7	2.5	2.3	4.1	3.7	1.2
Pakistan	50.2	49.4	37.6	38.9	54.8	52.7	74.8	77.9	2.4
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	62.8	56.4	38.2	31.5	31.9	37.3	28.8	34.7	1.9
Papua New Guinea	48.5	49.8	31.8	28.2	69.9	68.8	84.1	82.6	-1.7
Paraguay	64.8	66.7	48.1	49.8	36.8	35.1	41.8	39.5	0.4
Peru	73.4	68.3	56.5	52.3	42.0	43.6	55.3	55.7	1.5
Philippines	59.5	54.6	37.0	28.5	35.5	30.5	41.5	37.3	2.9
Poland	52.6	56.4	26.0	27.3	20.2	19.2	14.4	12.9	3.2
Portugal	51.3	53.6	22.8	22.8	14.7	13.1	10.7	9.8	0.3
Puerto Rico	35.2	36.4	17.4	18.8	17.6	17.7	7.4	7.5	-1.7
Qatar	87.1	86.2	70.6	57.9	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.4
Romania	47.9	49.5	20.9	21.1	28.5	24.0	27.1	21.9	3.8
Russian Federation	59.2	59.1	31.7	26.5	6.5	5.9	5.4	4.7	1.9
Rwanda	53.5	49.0	37.0	29.7	38.1	37.8	49.0	46.6	4.1
Samoa	49.9	42.5	36.3	26.4	46.7	45.7	40.2	37.6	2.3
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	21.5	21.0	20.6	19.3	34.8	33.3	36.2	35.2	1.3
Saudi Arabia	56.4	59.3	13.4	20.7	2.4	3.1	1.0	4.4	0.3
Senegal	42.4	49.0	25.8	28.5	61.0	56.0	73.6	77.3	-0.6
Serbia	42.2	51.2	16.5	25.3	29.5	26.9	22.4	21.2	0.9
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	53.6	51.6	27.1	30.1	81.5	82.0	91.6	91.7	1.3
Singapore	66.9	67.4	37.0	37.4	10.2	11.5	5.5	6.2	3.1
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	52.8	56.1	23.3	20.7	14.9	15.3	8.4	8.2	1.4
Slovenia	52.4	55.6	29.6	29.5	14.3	12.7	11.9	8.2	2.0
Solomon Islands	83.7	82.8	70.1	68.7	59.4	54.4	78.2	76.5	-1.3
Somalia	27.8	27.1	10.9	10.3	40.7	39.4	61.7	60.6	0.8
South Africa	43.2	36.8	15.5	9.4	9.1	10.7	9.8	10.6	1.3
South Sudan	64.6	63.2	51.1	50.1	75.6	70.5	81.0	74.8	..
Spain	45.7	48.9	17.9	20.6	14.3	12.7	9.5	8.6	-0.9
Sri Lanka	51.2	47.4	27.0	19.5	39.1	38.8	44.0	41.1	2.1
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	54.9	52.1	32.3	30.6	26.2	28.4	16.9	18.9	-1.3
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	52.6	51.2	31.1	27.5	21.7	21.5	18.2	18.4	1.9
Sudan	38.2	34.0	21.4	21.5	41.8	38.4	58.7	56.8	-2.8
Suriname	51.6	49.5	32.0	25.5	19.8	20.6	17.5	18.2	-3.7
Sweden	59.2	58.8	43.9	40.7	9.3	8.8	4.4	4.3	1.2
Switzerland	64.9	64.1	61.6	60.0	10.1	9.5	10.5	9.6	1.2
Syrian Arab Republic	32.1	32.1	17.2	16.6	38.2	37.6	13.2	11.0	-4.3
Tajikistan	37.5	36.1	19.7	18.3	25.2	22.7	31.9	28.6	5.2
Tanzania	82.1	81.3	69.5	67.6	78.8	78.5	89.5	89.7	1.7
Thailand	68.9	66.1	40.8	37.1	47.1	46.8	50.7	48.9	1.4
Timor-Leste	64.5	64.0	36.5	35.6	55.8	52.3	68.5	66.3	6.2
Togo	56.9	56.4	24.4	23.6	75.9	74.8	92.7	91.9	1.7
Tonga	53.9	51.9	28.1	26.3	40.0	38.7	37.8	35.9	2.5
Trinidad and Tobago	61.5	55.1	41.0	31.8	20.4	25.7	11.6	12.7	-2.5
Tunisia	40.3	38.8	18.8	17.1	21.8	21.2	13.4	13.3	0.2
Turkiye	46.0	45.2	34.3	32.4	25.0	24.8	36.8	31.9	3.3
Turkmenistan	46.3	44.6	28.4	25.7	27.4	27.1	30.5	30.2	4.9
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	73.0	76.4	57.2	66.5	68.1	67.2	83.6	85.0	-0.7
Ukraine	51.1	49.3	27.8	24.8	18.8	19.5	16.5	16.5	3.0
United Arab Emirates	76.6	74.7	47.2	39.6	0.4	0.9	0.2	3.4	-0.3
United Kingdom	58.8	59.0	49.1	44.7	15.6	15.8	9.1	9.6	0.3
United States	59.0	58.2	44.2	45.6	4.4	4.2	3.0	2.9	1.7
Uruguay	60.1	57.1	39.0	30.5	24.5	26.4	21.4	22.6	0.8
Uzbekistan	54.0	53.1	33.1	31.0	42.5	40.5	24.3	22.7	4.1
Vanuatu	58.0	55.1	35.9	33.0	59.8	54.9	68.7	63.0	-0.2
Venezuela, RB	57.9	48.5	31.3	26.7	32.8	39.1	29.3	32.4	..
Viet Nam	76.0	71.9	55.2	42.5	51.9	47.4	63.8	58.0	5.4
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	51.4	45.9	24.0	20.0	9.7	9.9	4.9	5.0	2.8
West Bank and Gaza	33.9	31.9	19.4	16.8	23.8	22.5	30.7	20.0	-0.5
Yemen, Rep.	26.3	26.5	14.7	14.7	42.6	45.9	65.0	65.5	..
Zambia	55.3	57.0	32.7	34.7	65.5	65.4	81.3	82.8	-1.5
Zimbabwe	62.7	59.2	48.0	41.5	65.9	59.5	82.0	76.3	-0.5
World	58.0	56.8	37.5	35.5	44.5	43.6	45.1	44.2	1.9
East Asia & Pacific	65.3	63.5	45.4	41.1	41.8	40.0	44.3	42.3	4.0
Europe & Central Asia	53.2	53.9	33.0	32.5	16.3	15.6	12.9	12.0	1.3
Latin America & Caribbean	59.2	56.2	41.2	38.7	31.7	32.6	31.7	33.1	0.1
Middle East & North Africa	44.2	42.8	27.2	26.4	36.1	35.1	46.9	45.9	1.0
North America	59.2	58.4	45.4	46.5	5.1	5.0	3.6	3.6	1.6
South Asia	49.3	49.8	25.6	25.2	72.1	70.3	78.8	75.7	2.9
Sub-Saharan Africa	66.5	63.7	47.2	44.3	63.9	63.2	80.3	79.5	-0.3
Low income	59.4	57.1	41.6	39.8	68.8	68.3	86.3	85.5	-0.9
Lower middle income	54.1	53.5	33.0	31.9	63.3	61.4	72.8	70.8	2.3
Upper middle income	61.5	59.4	41.0	37.5	39.7	38.5	41.4	40.2	3.7
High income	56.6	57.2	37.1	38.1	10.0	9.6	7.8	7.4	1.1

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