World Development Indicators

Decent work and productive employment
Employment to population ratio				Vulnerable employment				Labor productivity
Total		Youth		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, male		Contributing family workers and own-account workers, female		GDP per person employed
% ages 15 and older		% ages 15-24		% of male employment		% of female employment		% growth
2000	2016	2000	2016	2000	2016	2000	2016	2000-02	2013-16

Afghanistan	45.9	49.4	37.0	41.8	78.3	65.4	79.6	69.1	15.8	-3.4
Albania	48.5	47.7	34.5	21.0	61.1	57.0	74.4	57.0	5.0	0.0
Algeria	30.6	37.2	17.4	19.7	30.9	27.9	36.5	27.3	-0.9	4.2
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	59.2	71.7	26.4	46.8	45.6	52.6	77.6	80.6	-4.9	-0.9
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	52.4	54.9	28.9	29.3	24.3	23.5	20.6	17.7	-6.4	-1.1
Armenia	50.3	49.1	22.6	24.7	50.4	40.1	65.2	40.4	10.1	3.2
Aruba	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Australia	59.4	61.2	61.7	58.4	15.0	13.0	9.3	8.4	1.4	1.3
Austria	55.8	56.8	52.8	51.1	7.8	8.8	9.4	7.5	0.7	0.7
Azerbaijan	55.8	62.9	33.0	34.7	68.0	48.6	69.4	62.0	6.4	-1.9
Bahamas, The	69.7	66.1	46.1	40.6	17.8	11.9	9.3	17.5	0.5	-3.5
Bahrain	62.1	71.0	33.0	42.5	1.9	2.1	0.4	0.9	-2.8	-0.7
Bangladesh	55.6	54.0	44.3	35.1	59.0	52.4	84.9	71.0	1.7	4.6
Barbados	62.4	59.9	46.3	32.9	16.7	20.5	7.9	11.3	-1.0	0.3
Belarus	58.5	63.9	43.7	47.3	3.0	3.2	2.0	1.9	4.1	-1.4
Belgium	48.8	49.1	30.3	22.9	11.5	12.8	11.5	8.3	2.1	0.8
Belize	54.4	61.5	40.2	41.4	27.3	23.9	23.1	30.2	0.1	-2.0
Benin	71.6	69.0	59.6	40.4	86.3	81.6	95.7	94.3	1.9	0.9
Bermuda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bhutan	64.0	64.9	41.3	29.2	64.3	63.0	82.2	84.3	2.3	3.4
Bolivia	67.2	65.3	48.0	42.0	37.0	33.0	32.1	28.9	-0.4	3.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36.9	35.0	14.2	14.2	23.9	20.4	25.2	21.3	5.4	1.9
Botswana	49.6	58.8	33.7	29.0	20.8	14.3	23.2	15.8	3.2	-0.5
Brazil	55.9	56.4	49.2	40.0	31.8	31.1	22.6	22.5	-3.5	-1.8
Brunei Darussalam	64.2	62.5	40.1	24.9	4.3	5.3	3.5	4.9	0.9	-3.0
Bulgaria	41.8	49.4	20.5	20.2	16.2	9.4	11.7	6.8	5.1	1.8
Burkina Faso	75.7	62.4	69.4	47.6	88.0	84.8	92.1	90.4	3.4	1.9
Burundi	82.3	77.6	66.7	51.3	89.5	87.6	97.4	96.6	-0.2	-3.0
Cabo Verde	54.1	53.9	47.0	28.5	43.4	36.3	46.3	39.6	0.6	-0.4
Cambodia	76.7	84.2	62.5	75.1	81.0	44.9	87.9	57.4	0.5	4.9
Cameroon	70.7	72.9	52.2	51.0	67.6	63.1	90.2	81.5	0.9	2.2
Canada	60.8	60.8	56.2	55.4	11.9	12.2	9.1	9.1	0.7	1.0
Cayman Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Central African Republic	67.0	67.1	45.1	47.6	65.0	61.3	82.2	74.8	2.1	2.9
Chad	68.4	67.0	52.8	49.9	89.5	85.7	98.8	98.6	6.0	-3.0
Channel Islands	54.0	52.2	42.3	39.9	12.4	11.8	8.7	7.7	2.4	1.5
Chile	49.5	58.0	25.9	29.2	29.8	22.8	23.1	25.1	1.6	0.8
China	73.7	66.1	61.7	42.2	51.2	31.9	55.8	34.5	7.6	6.7
Hong Kong SAR, China	58.2	58.6	41.7	36.7	7.3	7.9	3.4	4.0	0.7	1.8
Macao SAR, China	60.9	69.4	38.5	42.3	9.5	4.3	7.2	2.7	2.7	-10.9
Colombia	48.2	64.4	29.2	44.8	46.5	47.2	46.1	46.8	-4.6	1.4
Comoros	40.2	41.1	16.1	12.2	58.0	54.1	80.6	77.7	-0.5	-1.3
Congo, Dem. Rep.	69.6	69.7	42.2	43.8	56.8	52.0	59.8	55.1	-2.4	2.7
Congo, Rep.	54.3	62.5	25.7	34.7	63.7	59.5	91.2	91.4	1.2	0.2
Costa Rica	56.4	54.1	45.1	32.6	24.9	14.9	20.5	12.6	-0.2	3.8
Cote d'Ivoire	62.9	55.9	47.0	34.0	70.5	65.0	89.8	85.5	-1.9	6.5
Croatia	45.0	44.7	26.9	25.4	18.7	10.0	18.8	7.2	5.0	-0.3
Cuba	49.1	53.1	31.2	35.5	14.5	11.7	4.7	7.9	..	..
Curacao	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	57.8	54.7	39.3	29.3	20.4	15.0	14.9	9.7	-0.7	-1.1
Czech Republic	54.9	57.8	37.0	29.1	13.2	15.9	7.8	11.6	1.5	1.8
Denmark	62.8	59.4	67.2	58.2	5.5	7.0	4.3	4.2	0.1	0.0
Djibouti	57.9	55.5	50.5	33.8	44.2	38.6	43.7	39.9	-0.1	2.2
Dominica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	60.1	63.1	47.3	43.9	46.7	49.8	28.5	28.1	1.4	4.2
Ecuador	61.8	65.4	42.2	41.1	33.5	38.2	39.8	55.1	1.9	-2.7
Egypt, Arab Rep.	42.0	41.9	23.7	20.6	19.4	17.4	38.3	31.9	1.7	2.8
El Salvador	57.2	58.4	41.2	41.3	32.3	29.7	50.7	44.7	1.1	1.6
Equatorial Guinea	55.2	55.8	29.3	25.9	46.3	30.7	40.2	44.1	29.7	-11.3
Eritrea	75.3	76.1	67.4	64.2	47.5	45.6	47.6	47.3	1.6	2.1
Estonia	51.1	58.7	30.2	37.7	5.8	6.7	4.4	4.4	5.9	0.8
Eswatini	41.2	39.8	26.6	17.3	14.4	12.3	30.6	28.9	1.1	-1.9
Ethiopia	74.8	78.1	69.6	69.6	90.8	85.9	94.4	90.8	0.4	5.9
Faroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Fiji	53.1	54.7	35.7	30.7	38.8	37.3	43.7	40.3	1.6	2.9
Finland	54.2	53.3	35.2	41.8	11.6	12.4	6.6	7.4	1.0	0.5
France	49.9	49.8	29.0	28.4	7.8	8.9	6.2	6.2	0.1	1.0
French Polynesia	52.1	43.5	27.0	17.5	17.6	15.2	13.3	10.8	3.1	1.1
Gabon	39.0	41.0	14.3	11.1	28.2	26.9	40.2	41.2	-2.3	-0.5
Gambia, The	52.2	53.6	35.8	35.3	68.4	64.0	84.1	80.9	-2.1	-0.9
Georgia	56.6	59.6	28.3	27.7	59.2	57.3	62.3	55.5	6.1	3.1
Germany	53.5	58.0	46.8	46.1	6.3	6.7	5.3	5.2	1.0	0.9
Ghana	66.9	75.0	45.1	51.1	72.1	56.1	87.3	76.4	-0.1	1.3
Greece	47.4	40.6	29.0	13.1	33.3	28.3	35.1	24.5	3.4	-1.3
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Grenada	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	59.1	61.7	39.5	50.3	23.2	21.6	30.4	29.6	0.4	-1.0
Guatemala	61.5	60.2	54.8	50.7	58.0	29.3	68.9	45.0	0.9	0.2
Guinea	62.4	61.3	45.0	41.3	86.1	84.4	96.3	95.9	2.6	-0.7
Guinea-Bissau	67.6	67.2	50.6	44.3	57.6	55.9	72.7	75.8	-1.7	1.3
Guyana	49.7	50.8	35.9	36.0	35.1	31.5	26.6	26.3	2.0	1.9
Haiti	58.0	58.3	26.9	22.6	84.3	85.2	88.5	90.2	-1.8	-0.5
Honduras	63.3	64.9	54.2	52.4	49.0	30.7	47.6	48.0	2.0	-1.5
Hungary	45.8	52.9	32.4	28.4	12.4	6.5	7.5	5.0	3.7	-0.9
Iceland	76.8	75.4	73.4	77.6	13.6	10.3	7.2	5.3	2.3	1.6
India	56.5	52.0	41.7	29.6	81.3	76.3	90.4	81.5	1.5	5.5
Indonesia	63.4	63.6	45.3	40.7	57.1	42.1	69.2	56.3	2.4	3.8
Iran, Islamic Rep.	37.6	38.8	23.6	19.9	43.5	41.1	58.0	43.5	-1.3	2.3
Iraq	34.3	42.6	21.4	27.9	37.4	33.5	48.5	43.2	-5.4	1.8
Ireland	56.8	55.6	48.5	33.6	17.8	17.6	6.4	5.9	3.1	10.2
Isle of Man	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Israel	54.4	61.1	48.6	44.7	8.9	15.1	5.4	9.1	-0.2	1.0
Italy	42.6	43.1	26.1	16.4	16.4	19.9	13.6	14.1	-1.1	0.1
Jamaica	56.3	58.2	27.8	29.9	41.5	43.1	33.2	30.4	0.1	-1.1
Japan	59.6	58.6	42.3	42.2	15.0	8.8	18.3	8.4	1.1	0.1
Jordan	36.3	33.2	19.2	14.2	13.0	10.9	5.7	2.4	4.6	-0.7
Kazakhstan	62.0	67.5	48.3	44.7	34.6	25.7	42.5	24.5	8.5	1.2
Kenya	63.6	57.9	39.1	25.3	46.0	40.1	73.0	71.0	0.7	2.2
Kiribati	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.	78.5	76.7	67.5	65.9	65.4	64.3	68.1	67.7	1.4	-0.3
Korea, Rep.	58.4	60.3	31.1	28.2	34.0	25.6	37.8	22.1	3.4	1.6
Kosovo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kuwait	66.7	68.1	31.2	28.7	3.0	2.5	0.3	0.3	-0.8	-3.6
Kyrgyz Republic	59.4	57.2	41.2	35.2	51.8	39.4	58.4	32.4	3.5	2.9
Lao PDR	78.6	77.6	67.6	59.8	86.6	77.0	93.3	88.7	3.3	5.0
Latvia	48.1	54.9	30.2	34.1	10.4	9.9	11.1	7.4	5.1	2.1
Lebanon	41.0	44.2	24.4	25.3	37.7	29.1	15.0	15.0	-1.6	-3.3
Lesotho	56.7	47.9	44.6	27.0	68.2	62.4	58.1	55.0	9.8	3.1
Liberia	52.1	54.4	30.0	28.3	71.5	67.3	89.0	88.8	0.3	-3.0
Libya	40.4	42.8	18.1	18.1	35.5	34.4	45.0	44.3	..	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	50.5	55.8	26.6	30.8	20.4	11.9	15.6	8.2	6.4	0.9
Luxembourg	52.1	54.3	31.8	25.0	3.3	6.2	3.6	6.2	1.9	2.8
Macedonia, FYR	36.0	41.9	17.1	16.2	28.8	25.6	19.9	18.5	-2.2	1.1
Madagascar	81.6	84.8	67.5	73.2	78.8	81.1	86.1	89.9	-7.5	1.0
Malawi	71.4	72.2	49.1	58.0	59.3	54.0	71.5	66.4	-4.2	0.3
Malaysia	59.9	62.1	39.6	38.1	22.8	20.4	22.7	25.1	0.4	2.5
Maldives	53.2	62.0	37.2	44.2	68.6	15.1	56.2	36.4	1.8	2.3
Mali	48.0	65.6	36.6	49.1	84.8	83.5	93.9	94.1	6.4	2.5
Malta	46.8	52.0	52.9	46.0	11.1	11.7	6.0	4.6	1.0	4.4
Marshall Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritania	46.1	44.4	35.8	26.3	49.4	41.8	63.8	52.7	-1.6	-0.2
Mauritius	56.7	54.7	42.5	33.3	18.8	17.7	14.5	13.6	2.6	2.3
Mexico	58.8	58.9	50.3	41.6	30.9	25.4	33.4	30.3	-1.6	0.4
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Moldova	46.6	41.0	18.6	17.3	32.4	36.1	28.4	21.3	5.5	1.4
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	57.6	55.0	36.9	24.5	58.6	48.9	55.3	44.7	1.9	3.9
Montenegro	36.1	40.1	12.2	18.1	19.2	13.6	16.3	9.3	2.0	1.9
Morocco	44.1	44.5	32.5	27.9	56.8	46.2	66.8	64.1	2.4	1.3
Mozambique	66.6	59.0	44.1	40.0	77.8	72.8	95.7	94.9	7.3	3.6
Myanmar	70.9	64.8	74.3	58.7	79.8	55.9	83.2	61.7	10.0	6.0
Namibia	45.0	47.0	18.1	17.6	20.4	18.8	36.9	32.2	0.8	2.9
Nepal	84.2	81.7	79.0	72.2	62.7	67.4	83.7	89.5	0.6	0.3
Netherlands	61.1	59.9	68.4	60.8	8.2	14.4	7.7	11.0	-0.6	1.3
New Caledonia	55.7	53.7	28.2	29.0	10.3	10.6	5.7	6.3	1.8	0.9
New Zealand	60.7	65.8	54.2	54.2	16.5	13.9	10.1	10.3	0.9	0.9
Nicaragua	55.7	63.5	44.3	47.0	45.9	34.6	47.1	47.4	0.3	2.1
Niger	77.0	78.7	64.2	70.8	88.4	86.9	91.8	90.6	1.6	1.3
Nigeria	52.6	51.3	32.9	20.4	79.5	74.6	86.3	87.0	1.5	0.8
Northern Mariana Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	64.6	61.4	58.6	48.6	7.5	6.5	3.8	3.7	1.4	1.0
Oman	44.2	58.8	18.5	23.7	10.4	8.9	10.5	10.2	-1.2	-5.8
Pakistan	47.4	52.3	35.7	40.6	63.1	55.4	66.8	75.1	0.2	1.6
Palau	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	54.4	63.2	34.4	39.9	36.2	32.9	19.1	31.2	-1.1	3.6
Papua New Guinea	69.9	68.1	56.3	50.8	61.6	64.7	78.8	85.0	-3.2	6.8
Paraguay	64.5	66.6	51.6	51.6	45.9	37.1	50.4	42.2	-1.6	2.6
Peru	63.7	73.6	46.6	55.0	47.2	44.0	63.5	58.0	-2.1	2.3
Philippines	60.1	60.6	41.1	38.3	45.0	32.4	48.3	40.1	0.7	3.9
Poland	47.1	53.4	23.2	28.7	24.4	18.8	22.4	14.3	3.7	1.5
Portugal	58.4	52.1	41.1	24.1	18.9	15.5	21.2	10.4	0.1	0.0
Puerto Rico	41.7	36.8	27.9	17.5	17.5	19.3	8.0	10.2	5.6	-21.5
Qatar	73.2	87.0	36.1	66.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.5	-1.5
Romania	59.8	50.4	35.2	22.4	42.4	26.5	48.0	24.4	11.7	4.3
Russian Federation	55.4	60.3	34.6	31.0	7.6	6.9	8.2	5.5	3.6	-0.5
Rwanda	86.5	85.2	80.6	74.4	88.7	72.1	96.2	87.5	6.8	4.1
Samoa	32.7	28.9	22.5	18.4	62.8	31.1	44.0	33.2	5.1	2.4
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sao Tome and Principe	47.5	50.4	30.1	26.3	46.2	36.3	58.0	30.4	2.0	1.9
Saudi Arabia	47.6	52.6	14.9	11.5	6.1	3.3	3.0	1.2	-5.3	-1.0
Senegal	48.9	54.2	38.6	39.1	48.2	43.1	50.1	46.2	-0.2	1.5
Serbia	49.2	45.7	31.1	19.3	24.6	30.7	28.7	24.6	7.5	-3.1
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sierra Leone	62.1	55.4	38.4	26.0	88.0	82.4	95.5	92.8	3.9	-6.5
Singapore	62.3	67.4	39.8	39.7	5.8	10.4	2.9	5.7	-0.1	-0.4
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovak Republic	48.4	54.2	28.4	25.4	7.6	15.1	2.8	8.7	2.8	0.9
Slovenia	53.4	52.1	31.3	28.5	13.4	12.1	11.2	8.7	1.8	2.2
Solomon Islands	70.8	70.0	60.0	57.2	63.0	61.0	65.2	64.0	-9.1	0.2
Somalia	44.8	43.3	28.9	28.8	71.1	68.4	87.8	87.5	1.2	-0.2
South Africa	40.7	40.2	15.8	12.3	8.8	9.5	15.0	9.7	3.9	-0.6
South Sudan	65.5	64.0	54.5	50.1	46.0	43.1	58.0	56.8	2.0	-10.0
Spain	45.5	46.7	32.4	18.5	15.1	14.2	13.4	9.4	-0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	52.5	51.4	33.5	23.0	40.3	38.4	43.7	43.5	0.8	4.6
St. Kitts and Nevis	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Lucia	53.2	53.7	36.3	28.9	32.3	31.5	25.6	25.4	-2.0	-0.9
St. Martin (French part)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	52.9	56.9	34.8	33.3	11.0	9.6	9.2	8.3	2.4	1.4
Sudan	43.4	40.6	24.3	19.6	47.4	38.6	51.8	46.3	3.9	1.3
Suriname	44.7	49.0	18.9	22.2	20.2	14.5	11.1	11.1	1.4	-4.6
Sweden	59.0	59.5	45.9	45.4	10.0	8.1	4.1	4.4	0.4	2.3
Switzerland	65.6	65.2	65.0	62.6	11.5	8.7	7.4	9.6	-0.1	-0.1
Syrian Arab Republic	49.1	35.2	40.2	18.7	40.7	37.7	54.7	15.3	8.5	-11.0
Tajikistan	51.6	53.1	32.5	37.8	42.3	51.0	53.2	43.6	6.8	4.0
Tanzania	79.0	81.5	60.9	69.3	89.1	78.4	95.5	89.0	3.0	3.3
Thailand	71.7	68.1	49.4	39.4	55.1	48.7	59.4	52.1	2.7	2.9
Timor-Leste	53.0	37.7	36.6	11.5	70.4	48.1	74.1	52.3	..	..
Togo	79.2	76.3	65.9	61.3	74.4	72.5	87.9	88.6	-4.3	2.5
Tonga	56.3	58.8	34.2	36.2	52.7	51.3	59.3	59.0	2.5	2.3
Trinidad and Tobago	53.8	59.6	39.3	40.2	18.4	20.0	16.9	11.5	3.2	-1.8
Tunisia	40.0	39.8	24.2	22.1	31.8	22.2	28.8	16.6	0.9	0.9
Turkey	45.6	46.2	37.5	34.7	36.8	24.7	59.2	35.2	0.6	2.0
Turkmenistan	60.9	63.2	41.9	44.5	27.5	19.9	36.3	22.8	0.0	5.7
Turks and Caicos Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Tuvalu	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uganda	67.9	69.2	52.9	51.8	80.4	68.2	92.8	81.6	3.7	1.3
Ukraine	50.3	49.4	30.5	27.8	13.1	16.9	18.9	14.4	7.1	-2.7
United Arab Emirates	74.2	79.1	44.8	45.5	1.9	0.4	0.6	0.2	-5.4	2.5
United Kingdom	58.0	59.4	55.8	50.4	11.6	16.2	6.2	9.5	1.8	0.7
United States	63.8	59.1	56.9	46.4	8.2	7.1	6.2	5.1	1.7	0.6
Uruguay	54.6	59.6	39.1	38.8	25.6	25.3	20.2	21.9	-4.5	1.7
Uzbekistan	57.7	60.6	37.7	40.5	32.6	25.8	33.2	24.4	1.2	5.4
Vanuatu	65.7	66.8	49.7	50.0	67.4	69.7	75.2	77.7	-8.0	-1.0
Venezuela, RB	55.3	58.6	34.1	32.5	31.9	31.6	30.2	30.0	-3.8	-8.5
Vietnam	75.4	76.6	62.7	55.8	77.8	49.9	84.5	62.4	3.6	5.0
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	60.9	56.5	34.2	26.5	28.9	26.1	25.8	23.6	25.8	0.7
West Bank and Gaza	33.6	33.2	21.3	18.5	44.0	39.3	47.7	41.2	-3.0	-1.1
Yemen, Rep.	40.1	32.8	28.7	20.4	35.1	41.7	37.0	66.7	2.9	-18.3
Zambia	68.9	69.0	52.9	46.7	73.7	68.3	90.8	87.9	1.6	0.1
Zimbabwe	69.3	79.0	51.0	65.1	49.0	54.8	77.5	76.4	-9.0	-1.0
World	60.7	58.7	45.8	37.9	49.0	42.3	50.8	42.4	0.9	2.0
East Asia & Pacific	70.3	65.5	56.4	43.1	49.8	33.5	55.4	37.7	3.3	4.5
Europe & Central Asia	52.1	53.9	36.5	34.2	16.7	15.6	16.2	12.5	1.6	0.9
Latin America & Caribbean	56.1	59.1	43.9	40.4	34.4	32.0	32.0	31.9	-2.8	-1.1
Middle East & North Africa	40.9	43.2	24.8	22.1	30.7	25.4	39.8	31.1	-1.0	1.3
North America	63.5	59.3	56.8	47.2	8.6	7.6	6.5	5.5	1.6	0.6
South Asia	55.8	52.7	41.8	32.4	76.6	71.1	87.9	79.4	1.3	4.9
Sub-Saharan Africa	62.3	63.3	44.5	42.8	69.3	65.3	80.6	78.3	0.7	0.4
Low income	68.4	68.3	53.8	52.9	73.0	69.9	82.8	81.1	1.5	-0.8
Lower middle income	57.1	55.1	41.7	33.4	69.0	61.2	77.5	68.0	1.6	3.9
Upper middle income	65.0	61.3	50.0	38.2	43.8	30.5	48.1	32.0	3.0	3.6
High income	56.4	56.6	42.7	38.8	13.3	11.6	11.4	8.9	1.0	0.6

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